Non-Solvent Induced Phase Separation Enables Designer Redox Flow Battery Electrodes

Wan, Charles Tai‐Chieh; Jacquemond, Rémy Richard; Chiang, Yet‐Ming; Nijmeijer, Kitty; Brushett, Fikile R.; Forner‐Cuenca, Antoni

doi:10.1002/adma.202006716

Title: Non-Solvent Induced Phase Separation Enables Designer Redox Flow Battery Electrodes

Journal Article · Tue Mar 02 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Advanced Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202006716· OSTI ID:1903795

Wan, Charles Tai‐Chieh ^[1]; Jacquemond, Rémy Richard ^[2]; Chiang, Yet‐Ming ^[1]; Nijmeijer, Kitty ^[2];

^[1];

^[3]

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Eindhoven University of Technology (Netherlands); Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER), Eindhoven (Netherlands)
Eindhoven University of Technology (Netherlands)

Porous carbonaceous electrodes are performance-defining components in redox flow batteries (RFBs), where their properties impact the efficiency, cost, and durability of the system. The overarching challenge is to simultaneously fulfill multiple seemingly contradictory requirements—i.e., high surface area, low pressure drop, and facile mass transport—without sacrificing scalability or manufacturability. Here, non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) is proposed as a versatile method to synthesize tunable porous structures suitable for use as RFB electrodes. The variation of the relative concentration of scaffold-forming polyacrylonitrile to pore-forming poly(vinylpyrrolidone) is demonstrated to result in electrodes with distinct microstructure and porosity. Tomographic microscopy, porosimetry, and spectroscopy are used to characterize the 3D structure and surface chemistry. Flow cell studies with two common redox species (i.e., all-vanadium and Fe2+/3+) reveal that the novel electrodes can outperform traditional carbon fiber electrodes. It is posited that the bimodal porous structure, with interconnected large (>50 µm) macrovoids in the through-plane direction and smaller (<5 µm) pores throughout, provides a favorable balance between offsetting traits. Although nascent, the NIPS synthesis approach has the potential to serve as a technology platform for the development of porous electrodes specifically designed to enable electrochemical flow technologies.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Science Foundation (NSF); US Army Research Office (ARO); Dutch Science Foundation

Grant/Contract Number:: DMR1419807; 1541959; 1122374; 17324

OSTI ID:: 1903795

Journal Information:: Advanced Materials, Vol. 33, Issue 16; ISSN 0935-9648

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Non-Solvent Induced Phase Separation Enables Designer Redox Flow Battery Electrodes

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