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Simultaneous and Staggered Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Coinfection of Cattle

Journal Article · · Journal of Virology
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01650-21· OSTI ID:1982976
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [3];  [1];  [3]
  1. US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, NY (United States). ARS, Plum Island Animal Disease Center
  2. US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, NY (United States). ARS, Plum Island Animal Disease Center; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  3. US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, NY (United States). ARS, Plum Island Animal Disease Center; Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS (United States)
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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) field studies have suggested the occurrence of simultaneous infection of individual hosts by multiple virus strains; however, the pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) coinfections is largely unknown. In the current study, cattle were experimentally exposed to two FMDV strains of different serotypes (O and A). One cohort was simultaneously infected with both viruses, while additional cohorts were initially infected with FMDV A and subsequently superinfected with FMDV O after 21 or 35 days. Coinfections were confirmed during acute infection, with both viruses concurrently detected in blood, lesions, and secretions. Staggered exposures resulted in overlapping infections as convalescent animals with persistent subclinical FMDV infection were superinfected with a heterologous virus. Staggering virus exposure by 21 days conferred clinical protection in six of eight cattle, which were subclinically infected following the heterologous virus exposure. This effect was transient, as all animals superinfected at 35 days post-initial infection developed fulminant FMD. The majority of cattle maintained persistent infection with one of the two viruses while clearing the other. Analysis of viral genomes confirmed interserotypic recombination events within 10 days in the upper respiratory tract of five superinfected animals from which the dominant genomes contained the capsid coding regions of the O virus and nonstructural coding regions of the A virus. In contrast, there were no dominant recombinant genomes detected in samples from simultaneously coinfected cattle. These findings inculpate persistently infected carriers as potential FMDV mixing vessels in which novel strains may rapidly emerge through superinfection and recombination.
Research Organization:
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDA; USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0014664
OSTI ID:
1982976
Journal Information:
Journal of Virology, Journal Name: Journal of Virology Journal Issue: 24 Vol. 95; ISSN 0022-538X
Publisher:
American Society for MicrobiologyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Related Subjects

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
FMD
FMDV
cattle
coinfection
foot-and-mouth-disease
persistence
virus pathogenesis