Polymers in molten inorganic salt hydrate phase change materials: solubility and gelation

Rajagopalan, Kartik Kumar; Karimineghlani, Parvin; Zhu, Xiuzhu; Shamberger, Patrick J.; Sukhishvili, Svetlana A.

doi:10.1039/d1ta07842a

Title: Polymers in molten inorganic salt hydrate phase change materials: solubility and gelation

Journal Article · Mon Nov 08 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Journal of Materials Chemistry. A

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ta07842a· OSTI ID:1978842

^[1]; Karimineghlani, Parvin ^[1]; Zhu, Xiuzhu ^[1];

^[1];

^[1]

Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)

Inorganic salt hydrates are of interest as phase change materials (PCMs) for thermal energy storage because of their unique properties, such as high latent heats of fusion, moderate melting temperatures, high volumetric energy storage densities, and enhanced thermal conductivities compared to their organic counterparts. Because of the low viscosities of molten salt hydrates, the leakage and settling of solids can easily occur during their application. Polymers are promising candidates for preventing these issues. In addition, the non-flammability, non-volatility, and nontoxicity of many molten salt hydrates make them attractive options as “green” solvents for polymers. However, solutions of polymers in molten salt hydrates have rarely been studied and are poorly understood. The highly ionic environments in these materials created due to a scarcity of hydration water for ions leads to strong ionic interactions, with ramifications for polymer solubility and chain expansion. This Perspective article aims to focus on polymer solutions and gels in inorganic salt hydrates by comparing these systems with existing knowledge of polymers in traditional ionic liquids and aqueous salt solutions. To provide insight into the states of ions and water in molten salt hydrates and the degree of hydration of polymers in these solvents, infrared spectroscopy experiments have been performed, and the data are correlated with the temperature-responsive gelation of poly(vinyl alcohol), one candidate material currently used for the shape stabilization of inorganic PCMs. Finally, the thermal properties of inorganic salt hydrates and ionic liquids are compared and strategies for the shape stabilization of inorganic salt hydrates using polymers, through the formation of physical gels, are discussed.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States). Texas A & M Engineering Experiment Station

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0009155; 1847956

OSTI ID:: 1978842

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1832054

Journal Information:: Journal of Materials Chemistry. A, Vol. 9, Issue 46; ISSN 2050-7488

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (185)

A review on current status and challenges of inorganic phase change materials for thermal energy storage systems Mohamed, Shamseldin A.; Al-Sulaiman, Fahad A.; Ibrahim, Nasiru I. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 70 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.12.012	journal	April 2017
Thermal energy storage for solar heating and off-peak air conditioning Lorsch, Harold G.; Kauffman, Kenneth W.; Denton, Jesse C. Energy Conversion, Vol. 15, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7480(75)90002-9	journal	January 1975
The Hydration Number of Li ⁺ in Liquid Water Rempe, Susan B.; Pratt, Lawrence R.; Hummer, Gerhard Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 122, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9924750	journal	February 2000
Review: Current studies on some physical properties of ionic liquids Zhao, Hua Physics and Chemistry of Liquids, Vol. 41, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1080/003191031000117319	journal	December 2003
A facile strategy to fabricate highly-stretchable self-healing poly(vinyl alcohol) hybrid hydrogels based on metal–ligand interactions and hydrogen bonding Hui, Yan; Wen, Zhi-Bin; Pilate, Florence Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 7, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6PY01752E	journal	January 2016
Ultrasonic Velocities, Densities, Viscosities, Electrical Conductivities, Raman Spectra, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Aqueous Solutions of Mg(OAc) ₂ and Mg(NO ₃ ) ₂ : Hofmeister Effects and Ion Pair Formation Wahab, Abdul; Mahiuddin, Sekh; Hefter, Glenn The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 109, Issue 50 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp053344q	journal	December 2005
The present state of affairs with Hofmeister effects Kunz, W.; Lo Nostro, P.; Ninham, B. W. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, Vol. 9, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2004.05.004	journal	August 2004
Corrosion behaviour of ionic liquids Uerdingen, Marc; Treber, Claudia; Balser, Martina Green Chemistry, Vol. 7, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/b419320m	journal	January 2005
Shape-Stable Hydrated Salts/Polyacrylamide Phase-Change Organohydrogels for Smart Temperature Management Yin, Chenxiao; Lan, Ji; Wang, Xiangdong ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 13, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c03996	journal	April 2021
Thermodynamic properties and phase transitions of salt hydrates between 270 and 400 K III. CH3CO2Na·3H2O, CH3CO2Li·2H2O, and (CH3CO2)2Mg·4H2O Meisingset, Knut K.; Grønvold, Fredrik The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, Vol. 16, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(84)90003-X	journal	June 1984
Structure of Ionic Liquid−Benzene Mixtures Deetlefs, Maggel; Hardacre, Christopher; Nieuwenhuyzen, Mark The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 109, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp047742p	journal	February 2005
Zur Lehre von der Wirkung der Salze: Zweite Mittheilung Hofmeister, Franz Archiv für Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie, Vol. 24, Issue 4-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01918191	journal	February 1888
Structural aspects of the LCST phase behavior of poly(benzyl methacrylate) in room-temperature ionic liquid Fujii, Kenta; Ueki, Takeshi; Niitsuma, Kazuyuki Polymer, Vol. 52, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2011.01.037	journal	March 2011
Coil Dimensions of Poly(ethylene oxide) in an Ionic Liquid by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Kharel, Aakriti; Lodge, Timothy P. Macromolecules, Vol. 50, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02014	journal	October 2017
The Raman OH stretching bands of liquid water Sun, Qiang Vibrational Spectroscopy, Vol. 51, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vibspec.2009.05.002	journal	November 2009
Low temperature latent heat thermal energy storage: Heat storage materials Abhat, A. Solar Energy, Vol. 30, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092X(83)90186-X	journal	January 1983
Solar thermal energy storage based on sodium acetate trihydrate phase change hydrogels with excellent light-to-thermal conversion performance Xiao, Qiangqiang; Fan, Jiaxin; Li, Li Energy, Vol. 165 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.10.105	journal	December 2018
Condensed phase behaviour of ionic liquid–benzene mixtures: congruent melting of a [emim][NTf ₂ ]·C ₆ H ₆ inclusion crystal Łachwa, Joanna; Bento, Isabel; Duarte, M. Teresa Chem. Commun., Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1039/B602675C	journal	January 2006
Energy applications of ionic liquids MacFarlane, Douglas R.; Tachikawa, Naoki; Forsyth, Maria Energy Environ. Sci., Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/C3EE42099J	journal	January 2014
Use of ionic liquids in sol-gel; ionogels and applications Vioux, André; Viau, Lydie; Volland, Sabrina Comptes Rendus Chimie, Vol. 13, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2009.07.002	journal	January 2010
Thermal performance of sodium acetate trihydrate thickened with different materials as phase change energy storage material Cabeza, Luisa F.; Svensson, Gustav; Hiebler, Stefan Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 23, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-4311(03)00107-8	journal	September 2003
A Supercooled Imidazolium Iodide Ionic Liquid as a Low-Viscosity Electrolyte for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Fei, Zhaofu; Kuang, Daibin; Zhao, Dongbin Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 45, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1021/ic061232n	journal	November 2006
Thermophysical Properties of Lithium Nitrate Trihydrate from (253 to 353) K Shamberger, Patrick J.; Reid, Timothy Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, Vol. 57, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/je3000469	journal	April 2012
Enhanced thermal properties of hydrate salt/poly (acrylate sodium) copolymer hydrogel as form-stable phase change material via incorporation of hydroxyl carbon nanotubes Liu, Yushi; Yu, Kunyang; Gao, Xiaojian Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 208 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2019.110387	journal	May 2020
Ion-solvent interaction and the viscosity of strong-electrolyte solutions Kaminsky, Manfred Discussions of the Faraday Society, Vol. 24 https://doi.org/10.1039/df9572400171	journal	January 1957
Critical examination and experimental determination of melting enthalpies and entropies of salt hydrates Guion, J.; Sauzade, J. D.; Laügt, M. Thermochimica Acta, Vol. 67, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(83)80096-3	journal	September 1983
Preparation and properties of a form-stable phase-change hydrogel for thermal energy storage Wang, Tao; Wu, Nan; Li, Hui Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 133, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1002/app.43836	journal	May 2016
The Entropy of Dilution of Strong Electrolytes in Aqueous Solutions Frank, H. S.; Robinson, A. L. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 8, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1750607	journal	December 1940
Why Are Ionic Liquids Liquid? A Simple Explanation Based on Lattice and Solvation Energies Krossing, Ingo; Slattery, John M.; Daguenet, Corinne Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 128, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0619612	journal	October 2006
Characterization of PVdF(HFP) Gel Electrolytes Based on 1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-3-methyl Imidazolium Ionic Liquids Yeon, Sun-Hwa; Kim, Ki-Sub; Choi, Sukjeong The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 109, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp053237w	journal	September 2005
Conformational and Dynamic Properties of Poly(ethylene oxide) in BMIM ⁺ BF ₄ ^– : A Microsecond Computer Simulation Study Using ab Initio Force Fields Son, Chang Yun; McDaniel, Jesse G.; Cui, Qiang Macromolecules, Vol. 51, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01002	journal	July 2018
Review on thermal performances and applications of thermal energy storage systems with inorganic phase change materials Lin, Yaxue; Alva, Guruprasad; Fang, Guiyin Energy, Vol. 165 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.09.128	journal	December 2018
Application of ionic liquids as solvents for polymerization processes Kubisa, Przemyslaw Progress in Polymer Science, Vol. 29, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2003.10.002	journal	January 2004
Graphene oxide modified hydrate salt hydrogels: form-stable phase change materials for smart thermal management Liu, Yushi; Yang, Yingzi; Li, Shuangxin Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 4, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TA08850C	journal	January 2016
Upper critical solution temperature (UCST) phase transition of halide salts of branched polyethylenimine and methylated branched polyethylenimine in aqueous solutions Noh, Minwoo; Kang, Sunah; Mok, Yeongbong Chemical Communications, Vol. 52, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CC08005C	journal	January 2016
Unconventional Deep Eutectic Solvents: Aqueous Salt Hydrates Marcus, Yizhak ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b03528	journal	November 2017
Review of Cellulose Non-Derivatizing Solvent Interactions with Emphasis on Activity in Inorganic Molten Salt Hydrates Sen, Sanghamitra; Martin, James D.; Argyropoulos, Dimitris S. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 1, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/sc400085a	journal	May 2013
Tuning of thermal properties of sodium acetate trihydrate by blending with polymer and silver nanoparticles Garay Ramirez, B. M. L.; Glorieux, Christ; San Martin Martinez, E. Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 62, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.09.049	journal	January 2014
Solvation and diffusion of poly(vinyl alcohol) chains in a hydrated inorganic ionic liquid Karimineghlani, Parvin; Zheng, Jin; Hu, Yan-Yan Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 22, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0CP02679D	journal	January 2020
Simultaneous solar-thermal energy harvesting and storage via shape stabilized salt hydrate phase change material Mehrali, Mohammad; ten Elshof, Johan E.; Shahi, Mina Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 405 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.126624	journal	February 2021
Ion Gel Membrane with Tunable Inorganic/Organic Composite Network for CO ₂ Separation Ranjbaran, Fatemeh; Kamio, Eiji; Matsuyama, Hideto Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 56, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03279	journal	October 2017
Poly( n -butyl methacrylate) in Ionic Liquids with Tunable Lower Critical Solution Temperatures (LCST) Lee, Hau-Nan; Lodge, Timothy P. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 115, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp1106058	journal	March 2011
Pulsed Laser Polymerization in an Ionic Liquid: Strong Solvent Effects on Propagation and Termination of Methyl Methacrylate Harrisson, Simon; Mackenzie, Stuart R.; Haddleton, David M. Macromolecules, Vol. 36, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma034447e	journal	June 2003
On the fusion of liquids with spherical- and linear-like molecules Rubčić, A.; Baturić-Rubčić, J. Physics Letters A, Vol. 72, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(79)90516-4	journal	June 1979
Advanced Materials for Energy Storage Liu, Chang; Li, Feng; Ma, Lai-Peng Advanced Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200903328	journal	February 2010
Room temperature ionic liquids and their mixtures—a review Marsh, K. N.; Boxall, J. A.; Lichtenthaler, R. Fluid Phase Equilibria, Vol. 219, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2004.02.003	journal	May 2004
Review on thermal energy storage with phase change: materials, heat transfer analysis and applications Zalba, Belén; Marı́n, José Ma; Cabeza, Luisa F. Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 23, Issue 3, p. 251-283 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-4311(02)00192-8	journal	February 2003
Unusual Lower Critical Solution Temperature Phase Behavior of Poly(ethylene oxide) in Ionic Liquids Lee, Hau-Nan; Newell, Nakisha; Bai, Zhifeng Macromolecules, Vol. 45, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma300335p	journal	April 2012
Review on shell materials used in the encapsulation of phase change materials for high temperature thermal energy storage Jacob, Rhys; Bruno, Frank Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 48 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.03.038	journal	August 2015
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Effects in Aqueous Solutions of 1–1 Electrolytes Hindman, J. C. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 36, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1732625	journal	February 1962
CHEMISTRY: Ionic Liquids--Solvents of the Future? Rogers, R. D.; Seddon, Kenneth R. Science, Vol. 302, Issue 5646, p. 792-793 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1090313	journal	October 2003
Heterogeneous nucleation from a supercooled ionic liquid on a carbon surface He, Xiaoxia; Shen, Yan; Hung, Francisco R. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 145, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4963336	journal	December 2016
Microscopic Structure of Solvated Poly(benzyl methacrylate) in an Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid: High-Energy X-ray Total Scattering and All-Atom MD Simulation Study Fujii, Kenta; Ueki, Takeshi; Hashimoto, Kei Macromolecules, Vol. 50, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00840	journal	June 2017
Raman and infrared spectra study of magnesium nitrate-water systems Chang, T. G.; Irish, D. E. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 77, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100620a011	journal	January 1973
Protic Ionic Solids and Liquids Based on the Guanidinium Cation as Phase-Change Energy-Storage Materials Vijayraghavan, R.; Rana, Usman Ali; Elliott, Gloria D. Energy Technology, Vol. 1, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201300101	journal	September 2013
Theoretical study of small water clusters: low-energy fused cubic structures for (H2O)n, n = 8, 12, 16, and 20 Tsai, C. J.; Jordan, K. D. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 97, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100122a005	journal	May 1993
Lower Critical Solution Temperature Behavior of Linear Polymers in Ionic Liquids and the Corresponding Volume Phase Transition of Polymer Gels Ueki, Takeshi; Watanabe, Masayoshi Langmuir, Vol. 23, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/la062986h	journal	January 2007
Vibrational spectroscopic study of aqueous cadmium nitrate solutions Davis, Anthony Robert; Plane, Robert A. Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 7, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50070a019	journal	December 1968
A Raman Spectrophotometric Comparison of Interionic Association in Aqueous Solutions of Metal Nitrates, Sulfates, and Perchlorates Hester, R. E.; Plane, R. A. Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 3, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50015a037	journal	May 1964
Salt hydrates used for latent heat storage: Corrosion of metals and reliability of thermal performance Porisini, Fernanda Coen Solar Energy, Vol. 41, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092X(88)90136-3	journal	January 1988
Chemistry of salts in aqueous solutions: Applications, experiments, and theory Voigt, Wolfgang Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 83, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-CON-11-01-07	journal	April 2011
Environmental fate and toxicity of ionic liquids: A review Thuy Pham, Thi Phuong; Cho, Chul-Woong; Yun, Yeoung-Sang Water Research, Vol. 44, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.09.030	journal	January 2010
Ionogels, ionic liquid based hybrid materials Le Bideau, Jean; Viau, Lydie; Vioux, André Chem. Soc. Rev., Vol. 40, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CS00059K	journal	January 2011
Far-ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy of nitrate ion in solution Waterland, Mark R.; Myers Kelley, Anne The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 113, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1310615	journal	October 2000
Preparation and thermal characterization of sodium acetate trihydrate/expanded graphite composite phase change material Gu, Xiaobin; Qin, Shan; Wu, Xiang Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Vol. 125, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-016-5444-4	journal	April 2016
Review of solid–liquid phase change materials and their encapsulation technologies Su, Weiguang; Darkwa, Jo; Kokogiannakis, Georgios Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 48 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.044	journal	August 2015
Cationic clustering influences the phase behaviour of ionic liquids Niemann, Thomas; Zaitsau, Dimitri; Strate, Anne Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33176-6	journal	October 2018
Types of Interaction in Some Aqueous Metal Nitrate Systems Irish, D. E.; Davis, A. R.; Plane, R. A. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 50, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1671363	journal	March 1969
Vibrational Spectroscopic Study of Contact Ion Pairing between Zn ⁺⁺ and NO ₃ ⁻ in Water Hester, Ronald E.; Plane, Robert A. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 45, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1727540	journal	December 1966
Water-soluble polymer–metal ion interactions Rivas, B. Progress in Polymer Science, Vol. 28, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6700(02)00028-X	journal	February 2003
Review on form-stable inorganic hydrated salt phase change materials: Preparation, characterization and effect on the thermophysical properties Yu, Kunyang; Liu, Yushi; Yang, Yingzi Applied Energy, Vol. 292 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116845	journal	June 2021
Thermal stability of phase change materials used in latent heat energy storage systems: A review Rathod, Manish K.; Banerjee, Jyotirmay Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 18 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.10.022	journal	February 2013
Effects of Hofmeister Anions on the LCST of PNIPAM as a Function of Molecular Weight ^† Zhang, Yanjie; Furyk, Steven; Sagle, Laura B. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 111, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0690603	journal	June 2007
A review of microencapsulation methods of phase change materials (PCMs) as a thermal energy storage (TES) medium Jamekhorshid, A.; Sadrameli, S. M.; Farid, M. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 31 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.12.033	journal	March 2014
Synthesis of Polyacrylamide with Superb Salt-Thickening Performance Zhao, Tianhong; Xing, Jiyue; Dong, Zhiming Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 54, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02718	journal	October 2015
Review on thermal energy storage with phase change materials and applications Sharma, Atul; Tyagi, V. V.; Chen, C. R. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 13, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2007.10.005	journal	February 2009
Thermal energy storage in salt hydrates Telkes, Maria Solar Energy Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1633(80)90033-7	journal	July 1980
Upper Critical Solution Temperature Behavior of Poly( N -isopropylacrylamide) in an Ionic Liquid and Preparation of Thermo-sensitive Nonvolatile Gels Ueki, Takeshi; Watanabe, Masayoshi Chemistry Letters, Vol. 35, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1246/cl.2006.964	journal	August 2006
Hydrated Salt/Graphite/Polyelectrolyte Organic-Inorganic Hybrids for Efficient Thermochemical Storage Salviati, Sergio; Carosio, Federico; Saracco, Guido Nanomaterials, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9030420	journal	March 2019
Water: From Clusters to the Bulk Ludwig, Ralf Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 40, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20010518)40:10<1808::AID-ANIE1808>3.0.CO;2-1	journal	May 2001
Thermodynamic properties and phase transitions of salt hydrates between 270 and 400 K I. NH4Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O, KAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O, Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O, ZnSO4 · 7H2O, Na2SO4 · 10H2O, and Na2S2O3 · 5H2O Grønvold, Fredrik; Meisingset, Knut K. The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, Vol. 14, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(82)90152-5	journal	November 1982
Hydration Dynamics of Aqueous Nitrate Thøgersen, Jan; Réhault, Julien; Odelius, Michael The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 117, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp310090u	journal	March 2013
Interactions in aqueous alkali metal nitrate solutions Irish, D. E.; Davis, A. R. Canadian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 46, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1139/v68-156	journal	March 1968
Effect of solvent hydrophobicity on gelation kinetics and phase diagram of gelatin ionogels Rawat, Kamla; Pathak, Jyotsana; Bohidar, H. B. Soft Matter, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/C3SM52701H	journal	January 2014
Macromolecules in Ionic Liquids: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities Ueki, Takeshi; Watanabe, Masayoshi Macromolecules, Vol. 41, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma800171k	journal	June 2008
Solvation Structure of Poly(ethylene glycol) in Ionic Liquids Studied by High-energy X-ray Diffraction and Molecular Dynamics Simulations Asai, Hanako; Fujii, Kenta; Nishi, Kengo Macromolecules, Vol. 46, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma400218e	journal	March 2013
Morphology of Poly(ethylene oxide) Dissolved in a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid: A Small Angle Neutron Scattering Study Triolo, Alessandro; Russina, Olga; Keiderling, Uwe The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 110, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp056383a	journal	February 2006
Conformational and Dynamic Properties of Poly(ethylene oxide) in an Ionic Liquid: Development and Implementation of a First-Principles Force Field McDaniel, Jesse G.; Choi, Eunsong; Son, Chang-Yun The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 120, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b10065	journal	December 2015
Vibrational Spectra of Molten Salts. I. Infrared Spectra of Calcium Nitrate in Alkali‐Metal Nitrate Solutions Hester, R. E.; Krishnan, K. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 46, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1841231	journal	May 1967
Difference in Lower Critical Solution Temperature Behavior between Random Copolymers and a Homopolymer Having Solvatophilic and Solvatophobic Structures in an Ionic Liquid ^† Ueki, Takeshi; Karino, Takeshi; Kobayashi, Yosuke The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 111, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0670900	journal	May 2007
Skeleton materials for shape-stabilization of high temperature salts based phase change materials: A critical review Jiang, Feng; Zhang, Lingling; She, Xiaohui Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 119 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109539	journal	March 2020
Prevention of supercooling and stabilization of inorganic salt hydrates as latent heat storage materials Ryu, Hee W.; Woo, Sung W.; Shin, Byung C. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 27, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0927-0248(92)90117-8	journal	July 1992
Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) Phase Behavior of Poly(ethylene oxide) in Ionic Liquids Lee, Hau-Nan; Lodge, Timothy P. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 1, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1021/jz100617t	journal	June 2010
Hopes for Hofmeister Parsegian, V. Adrian Nature, Vol. 378, Issue 6555 https://doi.org/10.1038/378335a0	journal	November 1995
Thermophysical Properties of Potassium Fluoride Tetrahydrate from (243 to 348) K Shamberger, Patrick J.; Reid, Timothy Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, Vol. 58, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/je300854w	journal	January 2013
Effect of Ionic Liquid Components on the Coil Dimensions of PEO Kharel, Aakriti; Lodge, Timothy P. Macromolecules, Vol. 52, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00354	journal	April 2019
Hydrophobic and polar ionic liquids Fukaya, Yukinobu; Ohno, Hiroyuki Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cp44214d	journal	January 2013
Inorganic salt hydrate for thermal energy storage application: A review Purohit, B. K.; Sistla, V. S. Energy Storage, Vol. 3, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.212	journal	October 2020
Increasing contact ion pairing in the supercooled and glassy states of "dilute" aqueous magnesium, calcium, and strontium nitrate solution: implications for biomolecules Fleissner, Gerhard; Hallbrucker, Andreas; Mayer, Erwin The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 97, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100120a037	journal	May 1993
Heat transfer enhancement of phase change materials for thermal energy storage applications: A critical review Ibrahim, Nasiru I.; Al-Sulaiman, Fahad A.; Rahman, Saidur Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 74 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.169	journal	July 2017
Thermal properties of imidazolium ionic liquids Ngo, Helen L.; LeCompte, Karen; Hargens, Liesl Thermochimica Acta, Vol. 357-358, p. 97-102 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6031(00)00373-7	journal	August 2000
Hydrate salt/self‐curing acrylic resin form‐stable phase change materials with enhanced surface stability and thermal properties via the incorporation of graphene oxide Liu, Yushi; Yu, Kunyang; Xie, Mingjun International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 44, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/er.5342	journal	March 2020
Development of phase change materials based microencapsulated technology for buildings: A review Tyagi, V. V.; Kaushik, S. C.; Tyagi, S. K. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 15, Issue 2, p. 1373-1391 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.10.006	journal	February 2011
Solid–liquid equilibria in mixtures of molten salt hydrates for the design of heat storage materials Voigt, W.; Zeng, D. Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 74, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200274101909	journal	January 2002
Thermodynamical properties of phase change materials based on ionic liquids Zhu, Jiqin; Bai, Liguang; Chen, Biaohua Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 147, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2008.11.016	journal	April 2009
Atomistic Simulations of Poly(ethylene oxide) in Water and an Ionic Liquid at Room Temperature Mondal, Jagannath; Choi, Eunsong; Yethiraj, Arun Macromolecules, Vol. 47, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma4016714	journal	December 2013
High temperature corrosion properties of ionic liquids Perissi, Ilaria; Bardi, Ugo; Caporali, Stefano Corrosion Science, Vol. 48, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2006.06.010	journal	September 2006
Evaluation of toxicity and biodegradability for cholinium-based deep eutectic solvents Juneidi, Ibrahim; Hayyan, Maan; Hashim, Mohd Ali RSC Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 102 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA12425E	journal	January 2015
Printable ion-gel gate dielectrics for low-voltage polymer thin-film transistors on plastic Cho, Jeong Ho; Lee, Jiyoul; Xia, Yu Nature Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 11, p. 900-906 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2291	journal	October 2008
Corrosive effects of salt hydrate phase change materials used with aluminium and copper Farrell, Anthony J.; Norton, Brian; Kennedy, David M. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 175, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.04.058	journal	June 2006
Coordination of water to magnesium cations Bock, Charles W.; Kaufman, Amy; Glusker, Jenny P. Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 33, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00081a007	journal	February 1994
Heterogeneous nucleation of thermal storage material LiNO3·3H2O from stable lattice-matched nucleation catalysts Shamberger, Patrick J.; O’Malley, Matthew J. Acta Materialia, Vol. 84 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2014.10.051	journal	February 2015
Effects of Hofmeister Anions on the Phase Transition Temperature of Elastin-like Polypeptides Cho, Younhee; Zhang, Yanjie; Christensen, Trine The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 112, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp8062977	journal	November 2008
Conformation of Poly(ethylene oxide) Dissolved in Ethylammonium Nitrate Werzer, Oliver; Warr, Gregory G.; Atkin, Rob The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 115, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp110216k	journal	February 2011
Drawing out the structural information of the first layer of hydrated ions: ATR-FTIR spectroscopic studies on aqueous NH4NO3, NaNO3, and Mg(NO3)2 solutions Liu, Jun-Hua; Zhang, Yun-Hong; Wang, Liang-Yu Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, Vol. 61, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2004.06.030	journal	March 2005
Raman and Infrared Spectral Studies of Aqueous Calcium Nitrate Solutions Irish, D. E.; Walrafen, G. E. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 46, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1840398	journal	January 1967
Specific Ion Effects: Why DLVO Theory Fails for Biology and Colloid Systems Boström, M.; Williams, D. R. M.; Ninham, B. W. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 87, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.168103	journal	October 2001
Micelle/Inverse Micelle Self-Assembly of a PEO−PNIPAm Block Copolymer in Ionic Liquids with Double Thermoresponsivity Lee, Hau-Nan; Bai, Zhifeng; Newell, Nakisha Macromolecules, Vol. 43, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma1019279	journal	November 2010
Solution behavior and associating structures of a salt-tolerant tetra-polymer containing an allyl-capped macromonomer Zhong, Chuanrong; Zhang, Heng; Feng, Lemeng Journal of Polymer Research, Vol. 21, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-014-0604-3	journal	November 2014
Salt hydrate/expanded vermiculite composite as a form-stable phase change material for building energy storage Xie, Ning; Luo, Jianmin; Li, Zhongping Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 189 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2018.09.016	journal	January 2019
Immersion corrosion tests on metal-salt hydrate pairs used for latent heat storage in the 32 to 36°C temperature range Cabeza, L. F.; Illa, J.; Roca, J. Materials and Corrosion, Vol. 52, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4176(200102)52:2<140::AID-MACO140>3.0.CO;2-R	journal	February 2001
Development of a stable inorganic phase change material for thermal energy storage in buildings Bao, Xiaohua; Yang, Haibin; Xu, Xiaoxiao Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 208 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2020.110420	journal	May 2020
Characterization of calcium chloride tetrahydrate as a phase change material and thermodynamic analysis of the results Ushak, Svetlana; Suárez, Miriam; Véliz, Sussy Renewable Energy, Vol. 95 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.04.012	journal	September 2016
Densities of Solid and Molten Salt Hydrates and Their Mixtures and Viscosities of the Molten Salts Minevich, A.; Marcus, Y.; Ben-Dor, L. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, Vol. 49, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/je049849b	journal	September 2004
Corrosion of steel in ionic liquids Arenas, M. F.; Reddy, R. G. Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy, Vol. 39, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.2298/JMMB0302081A	journal	January 2003
Raman Spectrophotometric Study of Complex Formation in Aqueous Solutions of Calcium Nitrate Hester, Ronald E.; Plane, Robert A. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 40, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1725128	journal	January 1964
Aqueous divalent metal–nitrate interactions: hydration versus ion pairing Xu, Man; Larentzos, James P.; Roshdy, Mazen Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1039/b807090n	journal	January 2008
Looking at the “Water-in-Deep-Eutectic-Solvent” System: A Dilution Range for High Performance Eutectics López-Salas, Nieves; Vicent-Luna, José Manuel; Imberti, Silvia ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 7, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b05096	journal	October 2019
Anhydrous Proton Conducting Polymer Electrolyte Membranes via Polymerization-Induced Microphase Separation Chopade, Sujay A.; So, Soonyong; Hillmyer, Marc A. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 8, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b12366	journal	February 2016
A triple thermoresponsive schizophrenic diblock copolymer Zhang, Qilu; Hong, Jong-Dal; Hoogenboom, Richard Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 4, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3py00659j	journal	January 2013
Infrared Spectroscopy of the Microhydrated Nitrate Ions NO ₃ ⁻ (H ₂ O) ₁₋₆ ^† Goebbert, Daniel J.; Garand, Etienne; Wende, Torsten The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 113, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9017103	journal	July 2009
Specific Ion Effects on the Water Solubility of Macromolecules: PNIPAM and the Hofmeister Series Zhang, Yanjie; Furyk, Steven; Bergbreiter, David E. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 127, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0546424	journal	October 2005
Raman spectroscopic investigation of the magnesium nitrate-water system Peleg, Mordechai The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 76, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100651a013	journal	March 1972
Proton-conducting polymer electrolyte membranes based on hydrocarbon polymers Rikukawa, M.; Sanui, K. Progress in Polymer Science, Vol. 25, Issue 10, p. 1463-1502 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6700(00)00032-0	journal	December 2000
Fatty acid eutectic/polymethyl methacrylate composite as form-stable phase change material for thermal energy storage Wang, Lijiu; Meng, Duo Applied Energy, Vol. 87, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.01.010	journal	August 2010
Conformation of poly(ethylene oxide) dissolved in the solvate ionic liquid [Li(G4)]TFSI Chen, Zhengfei; FitzGerald, Paul A.; Warr, Gregory G. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CP02033F	journal	January 2015
Polymers in Ionic Liquids: Dawn of Neoteric Solvents and Innovative Materials Ueki, Takeshi; Watanabe, Masayoshi Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, Vol. 85, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.20110225	journal	January 2012
Review of stability and thermal conductivity enhancements for salt hydrates Kumar, Navin; Hirschey, Jason; LaClair, Tim J. Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 24 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2019.100794	journal	August 2019
A salt-induced viscosifying smart polymer for fracturing inter-salt shale oil reservoirs Li, Xian’e; Yin, Hong-Yao; Zhang, Ru-Sheng Petroleum Science, Vol. 16, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12182-019-0329-3	journal	May 2019
A low temperature fused salt experiment: The conductivity, viscosity, and density of molten calcium nitrate tetrahydrate Moynihan, Cornelius T. Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 44, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/ed044p531	journal	September 1967
Thermal property and latent heat energy storage behavior of sodium acetate trihydrate composites containing expanded graphite and carboxymethyl cellulose for phase change materials Shin, Hye Kyoung; Park, Mira; Kim, Hak-Yong Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 75 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.10.035	journal	January 2015
Thermoreversible Ion Gels with Tunable Melting Temperatures from Triblock and Pentablock Copolymers He, Yiyong; Lodge, Timothy P. Macromolecules, Vol. 41, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma702014z	journal	January 2008
Polyvinyl Alcohol-salt Hydrate Mixtures as Passive Thermal Energy Storage Systems Alkan, Cemil; Döğüşcü, Derya Kahraman; Gottschalk, Axel Energy Procedia, Vol. 91 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.06.269	journal	June 2016
Complex formation between poly(vinyl alcohol) and metallic ions in aqueous solution Hojo, Nobumasa; Shirai, Hirofusa; Hayashi, Sadao Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Symposia, Vol. 47, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/polc.5070470135	journal	January 1974
Lower Critical Solution Temperature Phase Behavior of Poly( n -butyl methacrylate) in Ionic Liquid Mixtures Hoarfrost, Megan L.; He, Yanpu; Lodge, Timothy P. Macromolecules, Vol. 46, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma401450w	journal	November 2013
Corrosion of metals and salt hydrates used for thermochemical energy storage Solé, Aran; Miró, Laia; Barreneche, Camila Renewable Energy, Vol. 75 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.09.059	journal	March 2015
The entropy change on melting of simple substances Tallon, Jeffery L. Physics Letters A, Vol. 76, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(80)90594-0	journal	March 1980
Sugar–Metal Ion Interactions: The Complicated Coordination Structures of Cesium Ion with d -Ribose and myo -Inositol Hu, Haijian; Xue, Junhui; Wen, Xiaodong Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 52, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1021/ic402027j	journal	October 2013
Systematic review of encapsulation and shape-stabilization of phase change materials Cárdenas-Ramírez, Carolina; Jaramillo, Franklin; Gómez, Maryory Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 30 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2020.101495	journal	August 2020
Shape-stabilized phase change materials based on porous supports for thermal energy storage applications Huang, Xiubing; Chen, Xiao; Li, Ang Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 356 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.09.013	journal	January 2019
Thermal conductivity enhancement of phase change materials for thermal energy storage: A review Liu, Lingkun; Su, Di; Tang, Yaojie Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 62 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.04.057	journal	September 2016
Phase change performance of sodium acetate trihydrate with AlN nanoparticles and CMC Hu, Peng; Lu, Da-Jie; Fan, Xiang-Yu Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 95, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2011.05.025	journal	September 2011
Thermochemistry of ionic liquid heat-transfer fluids Valkenburg, Michael E. Van; Vaughn, Robert L.; Williams, Margaret Thermochimica Acta, Vol. 425, Issue 1-2, p. 181-188 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2004.11.013	journal	January 2005
Apparent Volumes of Individual Ions in Aqueous Solution ¹ Fajans, Kasimir; Johnson, Oliver Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 64, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01255a055	journal	March 1942
A review on phase change energy storage: materials and applications Farid, Mohammed M.; Khudhair, Amar M.; Razack, Siddique Ali K. Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 45, Issue 9-10, p. 1597-1615 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2003.09.015	journal	June 2004
A review of salt hydrates for seasonal heat storage in domestic applications Donkers, P. A. J.; Sögütoglu, L. C.; Huinink, H. P. Applied Energy, Vol. 199 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.04.080	journal	August 2017
Crystallization and Rheology of Poly(ethylene oxide) in Imidazolium Ionic Liquids Liu, Fuyong; Lv, Yuxia; Liu, Jiajian Macromolecules, Vol. 49, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01171	journal	August 2016
Calcium Ion Coordination: A Comparison with That of Beryllium, Magnesium, and Zinc Katz, Amy Kaufman; Glusker, Jenny P.; Beebe, Scott A. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 118, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja953943i	journal	January 1996
Synthesis and application of starch-graft-poly(AM-co-AMPS) by using a complex initiation system of CS-APS Song, Hui; Zhang, Shu-Fen; Ma, Xi-Chen Carbohydrate Polymers, Vol. 69, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.09.022	journal	May 2007
Mechanically Tunable, Readily Processable Ion Gels by Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers in Ionic Liquids Lodge, Timothy P.; Ueki, Takeshi Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 49, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00308	journal	September 2016
Nucleation triggering methods in supercooled phase change materials (PCM), a review Beaupere, N.; Soupremanien, U.; Zalewski, L. Thermochimica Acta, Vol. 670 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2018.10.009	journal	December 2018
Miscibility and phase behavior of water–dicarboxylic acid type ionic liquid mixed systems Fukaya, Yukinobu; Sekikawa, Kenta; Murata, Kenichi Chem. Commun., Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1039/B704992G	journal	January 2007
Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide with 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonate in aqueous solution of sodium sulfate Xu, Jun; Wu, Yumin; Wang, Chuanxing Journal of Polymer Research, Vol. 16, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-008-9261-8	journal	December 2008
Supercooling salt hydrates: Stored enthalpy as a function of temperature Sandnes, B.; Rekstad, J. Solar Energy, Vol. 80, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2004.11.014	journal	May 2006
Anion effects on ionogel formation in N,N′-dialkylimidazolium-based ionic liquids Firestone, Millicent A.; Rickert, Paul G.; Seifert, Sönke Inorganica Chimica Acta, Vol. 357, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2004.06.042	journal	November 2004
UV-Initiated Polymerization of Hydrophobically Associating Cationic Polyacrylamide Modified by a Surface-Active Monomer: A Comparative Study of Synthesis, Characterization, and Sludge Dewatering Performance Liao, Yi; Zheng, Huaili; Qian, Li Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 53, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie5016987	journal	June 2014
Nanoencapsulation of phase change materials (PCMs) and their applications in various fields for energy storage and management Alehosseini, Elham; Jafari, Seid Mahdi Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 283 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2020.102226	journal	September 2020
Thermosensitive Phase Separation Behavior of Poly(benzyl methacrylate)/Solvate Ionic Liquid Solutions Kobayashi, Yumi; Kitazawa, Yuzo; Hashimoto, Kei Langmuir, Vol. 33, Issue 49 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03378	journal	December 2017
Interactions between macromolecules and ions: the Hofmeister series Zhang, Y.; Cremer, P. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.09.020	journal	December 2006
Graphene-Modified Hydrate Salt/UV-Curable Resin Form-Stable Phase Change Materials: Continuously Adjustable Phase Change Temperature and Ultrafast Solar-to-Thermal Conversion Yu, Kunyang; Liu, Yushi; Sun, Fuzheng Energy & Fuels, Vol. 33, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b01165	journal	July 2019
Inorganic Salt Hydrate for Thermal Energy Storage Xie, Ning; Huang, Zhaowen; Luo, Zigeng Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.3390/app7121317	journal	December 2017
Self-Healing Phase Change Salogels with Tunable Gelation Temperature Karimineghlani, Parvin; Palanisamy, Anbazhagan; Sukhishvili, Svetlana A. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 10, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b03080	journal	April 2018
Vibrational Spectral Studies of Hexaquozinc Nitrate and Hexaquozinc Nitrate- d ₂ Brooker, M. H.; Irish, D. E. Canadian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 49, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1139/v71-245	journal	May 1971
Properties of ionic liquid solvents for catalysis Wilkes, J. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, Vol. 214, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2003.11.029	journal	May 2004
Cation-nitrate ion contact in aqueous solutions Irish, Donald E.; Chang, G.; Nelson, D. L. Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 9, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50084a066	journal	February 1970
Preparation and characterization of side-chain liquid crystal polymer/paraffin composites as form-stable phase change materials Wu, Dang; Ni, Bin; Liu, Yujie Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 3, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA00606F	journal	January 2015
Thermodynamic study on phase transitions of poly(benzyl methacrylate) in ionic liquid solvents Ueki, Takeshi; Arai, Asako Ayusawa; Kodama, Koichi Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 81, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-CON-08-09-04	journal	September 2009
Ionic Interactions in Aqueous Solution: A Raman Spectral Study Vollmar, P. M. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 39, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1701424	journal	November 1963
Novel semi-interpenetrating network structural phase change composites with high phase change enthalpy Zhang, Yuang; Xiu, Jinghai; Tang, Bingtao AIChE Journal, Vol. 64, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.15956	journal	September 2017
Phase behaviour and solution properties of sulphobetaine polymers Schulz, D. N.; Peiffer, D. G.; Agarwal, P. K. Polymer, Vol. 27, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(86)90269-7	journal	November 1986
Raman and ultrasonic relaxation studies of some nitrate salts in N-methylacetamide Irish, D. E.; Chang, T. G.; Tang, S. Y. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 85, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/j150612a019	journal	June 1981
Hydrated salts/expanded graphite composite with high thermal conductivity as a shape-stabilized phase change material for thermal energy storage Wu, Yuping; Wang, Tao Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 101 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.05.006	journal	September 2015
Thermodynamic properties and phase transitions of salt hydrates between 270 and 400 K IV. CaCl2·6H2O, CaCl2·4H2O, CaCl2·2H2O, and FeCl3·6H2O Meisingset, Knut K.; Grønvold, Fredrik The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, Vol. 18, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(86)90130-8	journal	February 1986
Review on storage materials and thermal performance enhancement techniques for high temperature phase change thermal storage systems Liu, Ming; Saman, Wasim; Bruno, Frank Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 16, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.01.020	journal	May 2012
Luminescent Ionogels Based on Europium-Doped Ionic Liquids Confined within Silica-Derived Networks Lunstroot, Kyra; Driesen, Kris; Nockemann, Peter Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 18, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm061704w	journal	November 2006