Low-temperature sprayed SnOx nanocomposite films with enhanced hole blocking for efficient large area perovskite solar cells

Zhang, Jinbao; Ding, Yichuan; Jiang, Guochen; Flick, Austin C.; Pan, Ziyi; Scheideler, William J.; Zhao, Oliver; Chen, Justin P.; Yang, Li; Rolston, Nicholas; Dauskardt, Reinhold H.

doi:10.1039/d1ta05969f

Low-temperature sprayed SnO_x nanocomposite films with enhanced hole blocking for efficient large area perovskite solar cells

Journal Article · Wed Sep 08 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Journal of Materials Chemistry. A

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ta05969f· OSTI ID:1978836

^[1]; Ding, Yichuan ^[2]; Jiang, Guochen ^[3]; Flick, Austin C. ^[2]; Pan, Ziyi ^[4]; Scheideler, William J. ^[5]; Zhao, Oliver ^[2]; ^[2]; Yang, Li ^[6]; Rolston, Nicholas ^[2]; ^[2]

Stanford University, CA (United States); Xiamwn University (China); OSTI
Stanford University, CA (United States)
Stanford University, CA (United States); Tsinghua University, Beijing (China)
Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2205, USA
Stanford University, CA (United States); Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (United States)
Xiamen University (China)

Scalable fabrication of charge transport layers with high uniformity and compactness is essential for the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Cost-effective deposition of high-quality electron transport layers (ETLs) is a particularly important step to achieve low-cost, efficient and large-area PSCs. Here, an open-air (relative humidity of 40–50%) and low-temperature (≤100 °C) ultrasonic spray coating of tin oxide (SnO₂) nanocomposite films incorporating nanocrystalline SnO₂ nanoparticles in an amorphous SnO_x matrix is demonstrated to fabricate large-area ETLs for planar PSCs. The optimized SnO₂/SnO_x nanocomposite exhibits significantly enhanced hole-blocking and high-power conversion efficiencies of 18% and 16% for planar PSCs with an active area of 0.2 cm² and 1 cm², respectively. More importantly, the devices show little current–voltage hysteresis as well as good shelf-life stability by maintaining ~90% of the initial performance without encapsulation after 2500 hours storage under inert conditions. Additionally, high voltages of >6.0 V have been obtained for solar modules of 2.1 cm² aperture area comprising six sub-cells in series, suggesting that the low-temperature, open-air and fast spray coating is suitable and transferable to deposit large-area charge transport layers for scalable PSCs or other optoelectronic devices.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Stanford University, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office; National Science Foundation (NSF); Wallenberg Foundation

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0008559

OSTI ID:: 1978836

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1819228

Journal Information:: Journal of Materials Chemistry. A, Journal Name: Journal of Materials Chemistry. A Journal Issue: 37 Vol. 9; ISSN 2050-7488

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (43)

Review on the Application of SnO ₂ in Perovskite Solar Cells Xiong, Liangbin; Guo, Yaxiong; Wen, Jian Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201802757	journal	July 2018
Materials toward the Upscaling of Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress, Challenges, and Strategies Wang, Fangfang; Cao, Yezhou; Chen, Cheng Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 52 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201803753	journal	November 2018
Scalable Fabrication of Stable High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules Utilizing Room Temperature Sputtered SnO ₂ Electron Transport Layer Qiu, Longbin; Liu, Zonghao; Ono, Luis K. Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201806779	journal	December 2018
Constructive Effects of Alkyl Chains: A Strategy to Design Simple and Non-Spiro Hole Transporting Materials for High-Efficiency Mixed-Ion Perovskite Solar Cells Zhang, Jinbao; Xu, Bo; Johansson, Malin B. Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201502536	journal	May 2016
Incorporation of Counter Ions in Organic Molecules: New Strategy in Developing Dopant-Free Hole Transport Materials for Efficient Mixed-Ion Perovskite Solar Cells Zhang, Jinbao; Xu, Bo; Yang, Li Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201602736	journal	February 2017
Roll-to-Roll Slot Die Coated Perovskite for Efficient Flexible Solar Cells Galagan, Yulia; Di Giacomo, Francesco; Gorter, Harrie Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201801935	journal	October 2018
Rapid Aqueous Spray Fabrication of Robust NiO _x : A Simple and Scalable Platform for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Scheideler, William J.; Rolston, Nicholas; Zhao, Oliver Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201803600	journal	March 2019
Large‐Grained Perovskite Films Enabled by One‐Step Meniscus‐Assisted Solution Printing of Cross‐Aligned Conductive Nanowires for Biodegradable Flexible Solar Cells Qi, Jiabin; Chen, Shuo; Lan, Chuntao Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202001185	journal	August 2020
Unconventional Route to Oxygen‐Vacancy‐Enabled Highly Efficient Electron Extraction and Transport in Perovskite Solar Cells Wang, Bing; Zhang, Meng; Cui, Xun Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 59, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201910471	journal	January 2020
Al ₂ O ₃ Underlayer Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Zhang, Jinbao; Hultqvist, Adam; Zhang, Tian ChemSusChem, Vol. 10, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201701160	journal	September 2017
SnO ₂ : A Wonderful Electron Transport Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells Jiang, Qi; Zhang, Xingwang; You, Jingbi Small, Vol. 14, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201801154	journal	June 2018
Highly efficient flexible perovskite solar cells made via ultrasonic vibration assisted room temperature cold sintering Zhang, Xin; Zabihi, Fatemeh; Xiong, Hao Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 394 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.124887	journal	August 2020
Progress in perovskite solar cells based on ZnO nanostructures Luo, Jun; Wang, Yanxiang; Zhang, Qifeng Solar Energy, Vol. 163 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.01.035	journal	March 2018
Origin of the Thermal Instability in CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃ Thin Films Deposited on ZnO Yang, Jinli; Siempelkamp, Braden D.; Mosconi, Edoardo Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b01598	journal	June 2015
Advances in Spray-Cast Perovskite Solar Cells Bishop, James E.; Routledge, Thomas J.; Lidzey, David G. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00311	journal	April 2018
Perovskite Solar Cells: Toward Industrial-Scale Methods Galagan, Yulia The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01356	journal	July 2018
Bilayer SnO ₂ as Electron Transport Layer for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Yi, Haimang; Wang, Dian; Mahmud, Md Arafat ACS Applied Energy Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.8b01076	journal	October 2018
Coffee-Ring-Free Quantum Dot Thin Film Using Inkjet Printing from a Mixed-Solvent System on Modified ZnO Transport Layer for Light-Emitting Devices Jiang, Congbiao; Zhong, Zhiming; Liu, Baiquan ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 8, Issue 39 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b08679	journal	September 2016
UV-Sintered Low-Temperature Solution-Processed SnO ₂ as Robust Electron Transport Layer for Efficient Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells Huang, Like; Sun, Xiaoxiang; Li, Chang ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b04392	journal	June 2017
Low-Temperature Plasma-Assisted Atomic-Layer-Deposited SnO ₂ as an Electron Transport Layer in Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Kuang, Yinghuan; Zardetto, Valerio; van Gils, Roderick ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 10, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b09515	journal	August 2018
Scalable, High-Performance Printed InO _x Transistors Enabled by Ultraviolet-Annealed Printed High- k AlO _x Gate Dielectrics Scheideler, William J.; McPhail, Matthew W.; Kumar, Rajan ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 10, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b12895	journal	October 2018
Blade-Coated Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency > 17%: An In Situ Investigation Zhong, Yufei; Munir, Rahim; Li, Jianbo ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 3, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00428	journal	March 2018
4- tert -Butylpyridine Free Hole Transport Materials for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells: A New Strategy to Enhance the Environmental and Thermal Stability Zhang, Jinbao; Zhang, Tian; Jiang, Liangcong ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 3, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00786	journal	June 2018
Strategy to Boost the Efficiency of Mixed-Ion Perovskite Solar Cells: Changing Geometry of the Hole Transporting Material Zhang, Jinbao; Xu, Bo; Johansson, Malin B. ACS Nano, Vol. 10, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b02442	journal	June 2016
Chemical Dopant Engineering in Hole Transport Layers for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells: Insight into the Interfacial Recombination Zhang, Jinbao; Daniel, Quentin; Zhang, Tian ACS Nano, Vol. 12, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b06062	journal	September 2018
Low-Temperature Solution-Processed Tin Oxide as an Alternative Electron Transporting Layer for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Ke, Weijun; Fang, Guojia; Liu, Qin Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 137, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b01994	journal	May 2015
First-Principles Investigation of the TiO ₂ /Organohalide Perovskites Interface: The Role of Interfacial Chlorine Mosconi, Edoardo; Ronca, Enrico; De Angelis, Filippo The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1021/jz501127k	journal	July 2014
Process Optimization of Ultrasonic Spray Coating of Polymer Films Bose, Sanjukta; Keller, Stephan S.; Alstrøm, Tommy S. Langmuir, Vol. 29, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1021/la4010246	journal	May 2013
Inkjet-Printed Line Morphologies and Temperature Control of the Coffee Ring Effect Soltman, Dan; Subramanian, Vivek Langmuir, Vol. 24, Issue 5, p. 2224-2231 https://doi.org/10.1021/la7026847	journal	March 2008
Universal passivation strategy to slot-die printed SnO2 for hysteresis-free efficient flexible perovskite solar module Bu, Tongle; Li, Jing; Zheng, Fei Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07099-9	journal	November 2018
Surfactant-controlled ink drying enables high-speed deposition of perovskite films for efficient photovoltaic modules Deng, Yehao; Zheng, Xiaopeng; Bai, Yang Nature Energy, Vol. 3, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0153-9	journal	May 2018
Planar p–n homojunction perovskite solar cells with efficiency exceeding 21.3% Cui, Peng; Wei, Dong; Ji, Jun Nature Energy, Vol. 4, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0324-8	journal	February 2019
Substantial improvement of perovskite solar cells stability by pinhole-free hole transport layer with doping engineering Jung, Min-Cherl; Raga, Sonia R.; Ono, Luis K. Scientific Reports, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09863	journal	May 2015
Rate-dependent interface capture beyond the coffee-ring effect Li, Yanan; Yang, Qiang; Li, Mingzhu Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24628	journal	April 2016
Improved stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells with submicron flexible barrier films deposited in air Rolston, Nicholas; Printz, Adam D.; Hilt, Florian Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA09178H	journal	January 2017
Rapid route to efficient, scalable, and robust perovskite photovoltaics in air Hilt, Florian; Hovish, Michael Q.; Rolston, Nicholas Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 11, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE01065J	journal	January 2018
Spray coating of the PCBM electron transport layer significantly improves the efficiency of p-i-n planar perovskite solar cells Zheng, Yifan; Kong, Jaemin; Huang, Di Nanoscale, Vol. 10, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NR01763H	journal	January 2018
Large-area perovskite solar cells – a review of recent progress and issues Chen, Yichuan; Zhang, Linrui; Zhang, Yongzhe RSC Advances, Vol. 8, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA00384J	journal	January 2018
A vacuum flash–assisted solution process for high-efficiency large-area perovskite solar cells Li, Xiong; Bi, Dongqin; Yi, Chenyi Science, Vol. 353, Issue 6294 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf8060	journal	June 2016
Homogenized halides and alkali cation segregation in alloyed organic-inorganic perovskites Correa-Baena, Juan-Pablo; Luo, Yanqi; Brenner, Thomas M. Science, Vol. 363, Issue 6427 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah5065	journal	February 2019
Efficient and stable solution-processed planar perovskite solar cells via contact passivation Tan, Hairen; Jain, Ankit; Voznyy, Oleksandr Science, Vol. 355, Issue 6326 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aai9081	journal	February 2017
A Eu ³⁺ -Eu ²⁺ ion redox shuttle imparts operational durability to Pb-I perovskite solar cells Wang, Ligang; Zhou, Huanping; Hu, Junnan Science, Vol. 363, Issue 6424 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau5701	journal	January 2019
Perovskites-Based Solar Cells: A Review of Recent Progress, Materials and Processing Methods Shi, Zhengqi; Jayatissa, Ahalapitiya Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11050729	journal	May 2018

Figures / Tables (4)

Similar Records

Inkjet-printed SnO_x as an effective electron transport layer for planar perovskite solar cells and the effect of Cu doping

Journal Article · Tue Feb 20 23:00:00 EST 2024 · Royal Society Open Science · OSTI ID:2318484

High Performing Inverted Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells via Solution Phase Deposition of Yttrium-Doped SnO₂ Directly on Perovskite

Journal Article · Tue Apr 25 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · ACS Applied Energy Materials · OSTI ID:1975243

Related Subjects

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
SnO2 nanocomposite
ambient processing
perovskite solar modules
spray coating