Optical, electrical, and EPR studies of polycrystalline Al:Cr:ZnSe gain elements

Watkins, R.; Fedorov, V. V.; Zvanut, M. E.; Bhandari, S.; Barnakov, Y.; Mirov, S. B.

doi:10.1364/OME.486169

Optical, electrical, and EPR studies of polycrystalline Al:Cr:ZnSe gain elements

Journal Article · Mon May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Optical Materials Express

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1364/OME.486169· OSTI ID:1972016

Watkins, R.; ; Zvanut, M. E.; Bhandari, S.; Barnakov, Y.;

Transition metal-doped II-VI (TM:II-VI) chalcogenides are well-known laser materials for optically pumped middle-infrared lasers. Cr:ZnSe is a key representative of this class of transition metal doped II-VI gain media and is arguably considered the material of choice for optically pumped middle-infrared lasers. In addition to effective mid-IR lasing under optical excitation, these crystals, being wide-band semiconductors, hold the potential for direct electrical excitation. One way to form n-type conductivity in ZnSe crystals is by annealing them in a melt of Zn-Al alloy. However, this annealing of Cr:ZnSe crystals results in their purification and transfer of chromium to the melt of Zn-Al alloy. In this article, we report on optimizing the doping technique for providing n-type conductivity in Al:Cr:ZnSe crystals while preserving the chromium concentration. Al:Cr:ZnSe samples with resistivities ranging from 10.8 to 992 Ω-cm were fabricated. While the 2 + valence state of Cr is typically dominant in Cr:ZnSe, both Cr ²⁺ and Cr ⁺ were detected in Al:Cr:ZnSe samples. The maximum level of Cr ⁺ concentration was measured to be 4 × 10 ¹⁸ cm ^-3 .

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Alabama, Birmingham, AL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Institutes of Health (NIH); USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0018378

OSTI ID:: 1972016

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2420775

Journal Information:: Optical Materials Express, Journal Name: Optical Materials Express Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 13; ISSN 2159-3930

Publisher:: Optical Society of AmericaCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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