Spatiotemporal Route to Understanding Metal Halide Perovskitoid Crystallization

Nellikkal, Mansoor Ani Najeeb; Keesey, Rodolfo; Zeile, Margaret; Shekar, Venkateswaran; Li, Zhi; Leiby, Nicholas; Zeller, Matthias; Chan, Emory M.; Schrier, Joshua; Norquist, Alexander J.

doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c00247

Spatiotemporal Route to Understanding Metal Halide Perovskitoid Crystallization

Journal Article · Tue Jun 07 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Chemistry of Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c00247· OSTI ID:1963452

^[1]; Keesey, Rodolfo ^[2]; Zeile, Margaret ^[1]; Shekar, Venkateswaran ^[1]; Li, Zhi ^[3]; Leiby, Nicholas ^[4]; ^[5]; ^[3]; ^[6]; ^[1]

Haverford College, PA (United States)
Haverford College, PA (United States); Fordham Univ., The Bronx, NY (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Molecular Foundry
Two Six Technologies, Arlington, VA (United States)
Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States)
Fordham Univ., The Bronx, NY (United States)

Here, a spatiotemporal experimental route is reported for the antisolvent vapor diffusion crystal growth of metal halide perovskitoids. A computational analysis combining automated image capture and diffusion modeling enables the determination of the critical concentrations required for nucleation and crystal growth from a single experiment. Five different solvent systems and ten distinct organic ammonium iodide salts were investigated with lead iodide, from which nine previously unreported compounds were discovered. Automated image capture of the mother liquor and antisolvent vials was used to determine changes in solution meniscus positions and detect the nucleation event location. Matching the observations to a numerical solution of Fick's second law diffusion model enables the calculation of reactant, solvent, and antisolvent concentrations at both the time and position of the first stable nucleation and crystal growth. A machine learning model was trained on the resulting data, and it reveals solvent- and amine-specific crystallization tendencies. Solvent systems that interact more weakly with dissolved lead species promote crystallization, while those with stronger interactions can prevent crystallization through increased solubilities. Organic amines that interact more strongly with inorganic components and exhibit greater rigidity are more likely to be incorporated into crystalline products.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Molecular Foundry

Sponsoring Organization:: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1963452

Journal Information:: Chemistry of Materials, Journal Name: Chemistry of Materials Journal Issue: 12 Vol. 34; ISSN 0897-4756

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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