Changes in serum-neutralizing antibody potency and breadth post-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine boost

Nair, Manoj S.; Ribeiro, Ruy Miguel; Wang, Maple; Bowen, Anthony D.; Liu, Lihong; Guo, Yicheng; Chang, Jennifer Y.; Wang, Pengfei; Sheng, Zizhang; Sobieszczyk, Magdalena E.; Perelson, Alan S.; Huang, Yaoxing; Ho, David D.

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.106345

Changes in serum-neutralizing antibody potency and breadth post-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine boost

Journal Article · Mon Mar 06 00:00:00 EST 2023 · iScience

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.106345· OSTI ID:1961384

Nair, Manoj S. ^[1]; ^[2]; Wang, Maple ^[1]; Bowen, Anthony D. ^[1]; Liu, Lihong ^[1]; Guo, Yicheng ^[1]; Chang, Jennifer Y. ^[1]; Wang, Pengfei ^[1]; Sheng, Zizhang ^[1]; Sobieszczyk, Magdalena E. ^[1]; ^[2]; Huang, Yaoxing ^[1]; ^[1]

Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States). Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

A better understanding of the durability and breadth of serum-neutralizing antibody responses against multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants elicited by COVID-19 vaccines is crucial in addressing the current pandemic. In this study, we quantified the decay of serum neutralization antibodies (nAbs) after second and third doses of the original COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Using an authentic virus-neutralization assay, we found that decay half-lives of WA1- and Delta-nAbs were both ~60 days after second and third vaccine dose. Unexpectedly, the durability of serum antibodies that neutralize three different Omicron subvariants (BA.1.1, BA.5, BA.2.12.1) was substantially better, with half-lives of ≥6 months. A booster dose of the original COVID-19 vaccine was also found to broaden antibody responses against SARS-CoV and four other sarbecoviruses, in addition to multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains. These findings suggest that repeated vaccinations with the COVID-19 vaccine may confer a degree of protection against future spillover of sarbecoviruses from animal reservoirs.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Brii Biosciences; JPB Foundation; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); National Institutes of Health (NIH); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 1961384

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-22-32667

Journal Information:: iScience, Journal Name: iScience Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 26; ISSN 2589-0042

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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