Constraining Bedrock Groundwater Residence Times in a Mountain System With Environmental Tracer Observations and Bayesian Uncertainty Quantification

Thiros, Nicholas E.; Siirila‐Woodburn, Erica R.; Dennedy‐Frank, P. James; Williams, Kenneth H.; Gardner, W. Payton

doi:10.1029/2022WR033282

Title: Constraining Bedrock Groundwater Residence Times in a Mountain System With Environmental Tracer Observations and Bayesian Uncertainty Quantification

Journal Article · Fri Feb 10 00:00:00 EST 2023 · Water Resources Research

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033282· OSTI ID:1924143

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Geosciences Department University of Montana Missoula MT USA
Earth and Environmental Sciences Area Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory CA Berkeley USA
Earth and Environmental Sciences Area Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory CA Berkeley USA, Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory CO Gothic USA

Abstract Groundwater residence time distributions provide fundamental insights on the hydrological processes within watersheds. Yet, observations that can constrain groundwater residence times over broad timescales remain scarce in mountain catchment studies. We use environmental tracers (CFC‐12, SF ₆ , ³ H, and ⁴ He) to investigate groundwater residence times along a hillslope in the East River Watershed, Colorado, USA. We develop a Bayesian inference framework that applies a Markov‐chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach to estimate noble gas recharge temperature, elevation, and excess‐air parameters and the resulting environmental tracer concentrations. MCMC is then used to propagate the environmental tracer uncertainties to estimates of groundwater mean residence times inferred with lumped parameter models. All samples contain ³ H, CFC‐12, and SF ₆ in addition to terrigenic ⁴ He, suggesting a mixture of water characterized by modern and premodern residence times. ⁴ He exponential mean residence times range from hundreds of years at the upslope well to thousands of years at the toe‐slope well assuming average crustal production rates. We find that binary mixing residence time distributions with separate young and old mixing fractions are needed to predict the ⁴ He, CFC‐12, SF ₆ , and ³ H observations, supporting the importance of flow path mixing in this bedrock system. Our findings that the fractured bedrock hosts groundwater with a mixture of residence times ranging from decades to millennia suggest variable recharge dynamics and flow path mixing along the hillslope and highlight the importance of characterizing groundwater systems with observations that are sensitive to transport over a broad range of residence times.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); USDOE Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: DE‐FOA‐0002215; DE‐AC02‐05CH11231; AC02-05CH11231; DGE-1633831; FOA-0002215

OSTI ID:: 1924143

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1924377; OSTI ID: 2234190

Journal Information:: Water Resources Research, Journal Name: Water Resources Research Vol. 59 Journal Issue: 2; ISSN 0043-1397

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union (AGU)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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