Core-Pedestal Plasma Configurations in Advanced Tokamaks

Hassan, Ehab; Kessel, Charles E.; Park, Jin Myung; Elwasif, Wael R.; Whitfield, Ross E.; Kim, Kyungjin; Snyder, Phil B.; Batchelor, Donald B.; Bernholdt, David E.; Cianciosa, Mark R.; Green, David L.; Law, Kody H.

doi:10.1080/15361055.2022.2145826

Core-Pedestal Plasma Configurations in Advanced Tokamaks

Journal Article · Mon Jan 30 00:00:00 EST 2023 · Fusion Science and Technology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2022.2145826· OSTI ID:1923216

^[1]; Kessel, Charles E. ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[2]; Kim, Kyungjin ^[2]; Snyder, Phil B. ^[2]; Batchelor, Donald B. ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[4]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Ain Shams University (Egypt)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) (Australia)
Univ. of Manchester (United Kingdom)

Here, several configurations for the core and pedestal plasma are examined for a predefined tokamak design by implementing multiple heating/current drive (H/CD) sources to achieve an optimum configuration of high fusion power in a noninductive operation while maintaining an ideally magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stable core plasma using the IPS-FASTRAN framework. IPS-FASTRAN is a component-based lightweight coupled simulation framework that is used to simulate magnetically confined plasma by integrating a set of high-fidelity codes to construct the plasma equilibrium (EFIT, TOQ, and CHEASE), calculate the turbulent heat and particle transport fluxes (TGLF), model various H/CD systems (TORIC, TORAY, GENRAY, and NUBEAM), model the pedestal pressure and width (EPED), and estimate the ideal MHD stability (DCON). The TGLF core transport model and EPED pedestal model are used to self-consistently predict plasma profiles consistent with ideal MHD stability and H/CD (and bootstrap) current sources. In order to evaluate the achievable and sustainable plasma beta, varying configurations are produced ranging from the no-wall stability to with-wall stability regimes, simultaneously subject to the self-consistent TGLF, EPED, and H/CD source profile predictions that optimize configuration performance. The pedestal density, plasma current, and total injected power are scanned to explore their impact on the target plasma configuration, fusion power, and confinement quality. A set of fully noninductive scenarios are achieved by employing ion-cyclotron, neutral beam injection, helicon, and lower-hybrid H/CDs to provide a broad profile for the total current drive in the core region for a predefined tokamak design. These noninductive scenarios are characterized by high fusion gain (Q ~ 4) and power (P_fus ~ 600 MW), optimum confinement quality (H₉₈ ~ 1.1), and high bootstrap current fraction (f_BS ~ 0.7) for Greenwald fraction below unity. The broad current profile configurations identified are stable to low-n kink modes either because the normalized pressure β_N is below the no-wall limit or a wall is present.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1923216

Journal Information:: Fusion Science and Technology, Journal Name: Fusion Science and Technology Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 79; ISSN 1536-1055

Publisher:: Taylor & FrancisCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (69)

DIII-D Research to Prepare for Steady State Advanced Tokamak Power Plants Buttery, R. J.; Covele, B.; Ferron, J. Journal of Fusion Energy, Vol. 38, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10894-018-0185-y	journal	September 2018
Off-Axis Current Drive with Helicon Waves for CFETR Yang, Yuqing; Zhang, Xinjun; Zhao, Yanping Journal of Fusion Energy, Vol. 39, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10894-020-00276-z	journal	December 2020
Magnetic System and Equilibrium Reconstruction for ITER using the GSE Solution and TEQ Code Naghidokht, A.; Khodabakhsh, R.; Ghoranneviss, M. Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-015-0285-3	journal	September 2015
The CHEASE code for toroidal MHD equilibria Lütjens, H.; Bondeson, A.; Sauter, O. Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 97, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4655(96)00046-X	journal	September 1996
The tokamak Monte Carlo fast ion module NUBEAM in the National Transport Code Collaboration library Pankin, Alexei; McCune, Douglas; Andre, Robert Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 159, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2003.11.002	journal	June 2004
An efficient transport solver for tokamak plasmas Park, J. M.; Murakami, M.; St. John, H. E. Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 214 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2016.12.018	journal	May 2017
Overview of the fusion nuclear science facility, a credible break-in step on the path to fusion energy Kessel, C. E.; Blanchard, J. P.; Davis, A. Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 135 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.05.081	journal	October 2018
Core plasma physics basis and its impacts on the FNSF Kessel, C. E.; Batchelor, D. B.; Bonoli, P. T. Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 135 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.06.003	journal	October 2018
Heating and current drive actuators study for FNSF in the ion cyclotron and lower hybrid range of frequency Wallace, G. M.; Bonoli, P. T.; Wukitch, S. J. Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 135 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.06.025	journal	October 2018
Theoretical analysis of helicon wave current drive in EAST with high β operation Li, Xinxia; Liu, Hongbo; Xiang, Nong Physics Letters A, Vol. 384, Issue 30 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2020.126779	journal	October 2020
Predictions of core plasma performance for the SPARC tokamak Rodriguez-Fernandez, P.; Howard, N. T.; Greenwald, M. J. Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 86, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022377820001075	journal	September 2020
Current Challenges in the First Principle Quantitative Modelling of the Lower Hybrid Current Drive in Tokamaks Peysson, Y.; Bonoli, P. T.; Chen, J. EPJ Web of Conferences, Vol. 157 https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201715702007	journal	January 2017
Gyro-Landau fluid equations for trapped and passing particles Staebler, G. M.; Kinsey, J. E.; Waltz, R. E. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 12, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2044587	journal	October 2005
Progress toward fully noninductive, high beta conditions in DIII-D Murakami, M.; Wade, M. R.; Greenfield, C. M. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 13, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2173627	journal	May 2006
A theory-based transport model with comprehensive physics Staebler, G. M.; Kinsey, J. E.; Waltz, R. E. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 14, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2436852	journal	May 2007
The first transport code simulations using the trapped gyro-Landau-fluid model Kinsey, J. E.; Staebler, G. M.; Waltz, R. E. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 15, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2889008	journal	May 2008
Magnetic drift kinetic damping of the resistive wall mode in large aspect ratio tokamaks Liu, Yueqiang; Chu, M. S.; Gimblett, C. G. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 15, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2978091	journal	September 2008
Development and validation of a predictive model for the pedestal height Snyder, P. B.; Groebner, R. J.; Leonard, A. W. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 16, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3122146	journal	May 2009
Penetration of lower hybrid current drive waves in tokamaks Horton, W.; Goniche, M.; Peysson, Y. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 20, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4831981	journal	November 2013
Integrated fusion simulation with self-consistent core-pedestal coupling Meneghini, O.; Snyder, P. B.; Smith, S. P. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 23, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4947204	journal	April 2016
The direct criterion of Newcomb for the ideal MHD stability of an axisymmetric toroidal plasma Glasser, A. H. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 23, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4958328	journal	July 2016
Computation of resistive instabilities by matched asymptotic expansions Glasser, A. H.; Wang, Z. R.; Park, J. -K. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 23, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4967862	journal	November 2016
Multi-scale transport in the DIII-D ITER baseline scenario with direct electron heating and projection to ITER Grierson, B. A.; Staebler, G. M.; Solomon, W. M. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5011387	journal	February 2018
Integrated modeling of high β _N steady state scenario on DIII-D Park, J. M.; Ferron, J. R.; Holcomb, C. T. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5013021	journal	January 2018
Advanced tokamak investigations in full-tungsten ASDEX Upgrade Bock, A.; Doerk, H.; Fischer, R. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5024320	journal	May 2018
Conductivity of a relativistic plasma Braams, Bastiaan J.; Karney, Charles F. F. Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics, Vol. 1, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.858966	journal	July 1989
Neoclassical conductivity and bootstrap current formulas for general axisymmetric equilibria and arbitrary collisionality regime Sauter, O.; Angioni, C.; Lin-Liu, Y. R. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 6, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.873240	journal	July 1999
Electron Cyclotron Heating (ECH) of Tokamak Plasmas Hoshino, Katsumichi Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, Vol. 27, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1080/18811248.1990.9731201	journal	May 1990
Waveguide launching of lower hybrid waves Brambilla, M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 19, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/19/10/006	journal	October 1979
Reconstruction of current profile parameters and plasma shapes in tokamaks Lao, L. L.; St. John, H.; Stambaugh, R. D. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 25, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/25/11/007	journal	November 1985
Operations space diagram for ECRH and ECCD Bindslev, Henrik Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 44, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/44/7/005	journal	May 2004
Overview of JT-60U progress towards steady-state advanced tokamak Ide, S.; Team, the JT-60 Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 45, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/45/10/S05	journal	September 2005
Stability and control of resistive wall modes in high beta, low rotation DIII-D plasmas Garofalo, A. M.; Jackson, G. L.; La Haye, R. J. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 47, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/47/9/008	journal	August 2007
Benchmarking of codes for electron cyclotron heating and electron cyclotron current drive under ITER conditions Prater, R.; Farina, D.; Gribov, Yu. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 48, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/48/3/035006	journal	January 2008
Summary of the 4th IAEA Technical Meeting on ECRH Physics and Technology for ITER Cirant, S.; Sauter, O.; Thumm, M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 48, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/48/5/054001	journal	April 2008
Overview of JT-60U results towards the establishment of advanced tokamak operation Oyama, N. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 49, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/49/10/104007	journal	September 2009
Investigations of impurity seeding and radiation control for long-pulse and high-density H-mode plasmas in JT-60U Asakura, N.; Nakano, T.; Oyama, N. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 49, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/49/11/115010	journal	September 2009
Integrated modelling of steady-state scenarios and heating and current drive mixes for ITER Murakami, M.; Park, J. M.; Giruzzi, G. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 51, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/51/10/103006	journal	August 2011
A first-principles predictive model of the pedestal height and width: development, testing and ITER optimization with the EPED model Snyder, P. B.; Groebner, R. J.; Hughes, J. W. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 51, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/51/10/103016	journal	August 2011
DIII-D research towards resolving key issues for ITER and steady-state tokamaks Hill, D. N. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/53/10/104001	journal	September 2013
Steady state scenario development with elevated minimum safety factor on DIII-D Holcomb, C. T.; Ferron, J. R.; Luce, T. C. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 54, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/54/9/093009	journal	August 2014
High internal inductance for steady-state operation in ITER and a reactor Ferron, J. R.; Holcomb, C. T.; Luce, T. C. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 55, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/55/7/073030	journal	June 2015
Stability of the resistive wall mode in JET Chapman, I. T.; Gimblett, C. G.; Gryaznevich, M. P. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 51, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/51/5/055015	journal	March 2009
Limitations of bootstrap current models Belli, E. A.; Candy, J.; Meneghini, O. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 56, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/56/4/045006	journal	March 2014
Cold plasma finite element wave model for helicon waves Lau, C.; Berry, L. A.; Jaeger, E. F. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aafd04	journal	February 2019
Exploring fusion-reactor physics with high-power electron cyclotron resonance heating on ASDEX Upgrade Stober, J.; Reisner, M.; Angioni, C. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 62, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ab512b	journal	January 2020
Helicon wave heating and current drive in toroidal plasmas Li, Jingchun; Ding, X. T.; Dong, J. Q. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 62, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aba367	journal	August 2020
Development of a systematic, self-consistent algorithm for the K-DEMO steady-state operation scenario Kang, J. S.; Park, J. M.; Jung, L. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa7072	journal	September 2017
Modelling of transitions between L- and H-mode in JET high plasma current plasmas and application to ITER scenarios including tungsten behaviour Koechl, F.; Loarte, A.; Parail, V. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa7539	journal	June 2017
Self-consistent core-pedestal transport simulations with neural network accelerated models Meneghini, O.; Smith, S. P.; Snyder, P. B. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa7776	journal	July 2017
Advances in the steady-state hybrid regime in DIII-D—a fully non-inductive, ELM-suppressed scenario for ITER Petty, C. C.; Nazikian, R.; Park, J. M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa80ab	journal	August 2017
Survey of heating and current drive for K-DEMO Mikkelsen, D. R.; Kessel, C. E.; Poli, F. M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aaa4d2	journal	January 2018
Time-dependent runaway electron simulations: Ampere–Faraday equations implemented in CQL3D Harvey, R. W.; Petrov, Yu. V.; Kim, Charlson C. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab38cb	journal	September 2019
Integrated modeling of ASDEX Upgrade plasmas combining core, pedestal and scrape-off layer physics Luda, T.; Angioni, C.; Dunne, M. G. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab6c77	journal	February 2020
Neural-network accelerated coupled core-pedestal simulations with self-consistent transport of impurities and compatible with ITER IMAS Meneghini, O.; Snoep, G.; Lyons, B. C. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/abb918	journal	December 2020
The advanced tokamak path to a compact net electric fusion pilot plant Buttery, R. J.; Park, J. M.; McClenaghan, J. T. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/abe4af	journal	March 2021
Development of integrated suite of codes and its validation on KSTAR Lee, C. Y.; Seo, J.; Park, S. J. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac1690	journal	August 2021
Nonlinear Stabilization of Tokamak Microturbulence by Fast Ions Citrin, J.; Jenko, F.; Mantica, P. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.155001	journal	October 2013
MinimumBas a Plasma Stability Criterion Grad, Harold Physical Review Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.16.1147	journal	June 1966
Theory of current drive in plasmas Fisch, Nathaniel J. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 59, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.59.175	journal	January 1987
Ray tracing study of the electron cyclotron current drive in DIII-D using 60 GHz Matsuda, K. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 17, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/27.21664	journal	January 1989
Multi-level concurrency in a framework for integrated loosely coupled plasma simulations Elwasif, Wael R.; Bernholdt, David E.; Foley, Samantha S. 2011 9th IEEE/ACS International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA) https://doi.org/10.1109/AICCSA.2011.6126601	conference	December 2011
Nested Workflows for Loosely Coupled HPC Simulations Elwasif, Wael R.; Lasa, Ane; Roth, Philip C. 2019 IEEE/ACS 16th International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA) https://doi.org/10.1109/AICCSA47632.2019.9035247	conference	November 2019
Containers for Massive Ensemble of I/O Bound Hierarchical Coupled Simulations Elwasif, Wael; Whitfield, Ross; Park, Jin Myung 2020 2nd International Workshop on Containers and New Orchestration Paradigms for Isolated Environments in HPC (CANOPIE-HPC) https://doi.org/10.1109/CANOPIEHPC51917.2020.00009	conference	November 2020
The Design and Implementation of the SWIM Integrated Plasma Simulator Elwasif, Wael R.; Bernholdt, David E.; Shet, Aniruddha G. 2010 18th Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing (PDP), 2010 18th Euromicro Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-based Processing https://doi.org/10.1109/PDP.2010.63	conference	February 2010
KSTAR program for closing gaps to fusion energy Yoon, S. W.; Bae, Y. S.; Kwak, J. G. 2015 IEEE 26th Symposium on Fusion Engineering (SOFE) https://doi.org/10.1109/SOFE.2015.7482287	conference	May 2015
JINTRAC: A System of Codes for Integrated Simulation of Tokamak Scenarios Romanelli, Michele; Corrigan, Gerard; Parail, Vassili Plasma and Fusion Research, Vol. 9, Issue 0 https://doi.org/10.1585/pfr.9.3403023	journal	January 2014
Comparing theory based and higher-order reduced models for fusion simulation data E. Bernholdt, David; R. Cianciosa, Mark Big Data and Information Analytics, Vol. 3, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3934/bdia.2018006	journal	January 2018
Development of a free-boundary tokamak equilibrium solver for advanced study of tokamak equilibria Jeon, Young Mu Journal of the Korean Physical Society, Vol. 67, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.67.843	journal	September 2015