Conceptual design of DIII-D experiments to diagnose the lifetime of spin polarized fuel

Garcia, A. V.; Heidbrink, W. W.; Sandorfi, A. M.

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/acaf0d

Conceptual design of DIII-D experiments to diagnose the lifetime of spin polarized fuel

Journal Article · Tue Jan 17 00:00:00 EST 2023 · Nuclear Fusion

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/acaf0d· OSTI ID:1914355

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Abstract

In magnetic fusion experiments, the cross sections for the D-T and D- ³ He fusion reactions are increased by as much as 50% if the fuel remains spin polarized parallel to the magnetic field. The goal of this study is to assess the feasibility of lifetime measurements of spin polarization, in magnetic fusion relevant conditions, on the DIII-D tokamak using relative changes in charged fusion product (CFP) loss measurements that depend upon the differential fusion cross section d σ /dΩ. Relative measurements that capture changes in the escaping CFP pitch, poloidal, and energy distributions are studied in two realistic TRANSP calculated plasma scenarios: (a) vector-polarized ³ He and D pellets are injected into a hot hydrogen plasma to produce thermonuclear reactions, and (b) a tensor-polarized deuterium pellet is injected into an L-mode hydrogen background plasma that includes unpolarized ³ He neutral beam injection. Ideal CFP signals in both scenarios show substantial pitch sensitivity to polarization for 14.7 MeV proton detection at a poloidal angle of $- 56^{\circ}$ (on the outer wall in the ion $\nabla B$ direction), and strong sensitivity to polarization for 3.6 MeV alpha flux detection by an array of poloidal detectors. Energy-resolved measurements of 14.7 MeV protons are also sensitive to the degree of polarization for the $- 56^{\circ}$ port in the beam-plasma scenario. A realistic assessment of CFP signals in the thermonuclear scenario show count rates in the range of $2 \times 10^{4}$ cps for pitch-resolved proton detection and $2 \times 10^{5}$ cps for alpha flux measurements. Reduced chi-squared $χ_{r}^{2}$ calculations show polarization lifetime measurements are feasible for either proton or alpha detection of both enhanced or suppressed polarization for the thermonuclear scenario. Measurements of gamma rays produced in the weak $D +^{3} He \to γ +^{5} Li$ branch complement the CFP measurements.

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Research Organization:: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-06OR23177; FC02-04ER54698; SC0019253; SC0020337; SC0021624

OSTI ID:: 1914355

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1907134
OSTI ID: 1924620

Report Number(s):: DOE/OR/23177-5570; JLAB-PHY-22-3691

Journal Information:: Nuclear Fusion, Journal Name: Nuclear Fusion Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 63; ISSN 0029-5515

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: IAEA

Language:: English

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Conceptual design of DIII-D experiments to diagnose the lifetime of spin polarized fuel

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