The Evolution of LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 Particle Damage from Fast Charging in Optimized, Full Li-Ion Cells

Preefer, Molleigh B.; Tanim, Tanvir R.; Welborn, Samuel S.; Agyeman-Budu, David N.; Dunlop, Alison R.; Trask, Stephen E.; Dufek, Eric J.; Jansen, Andrew N.; Weker, Johanna Nelson

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c06977

Title: The Evolution of LiNi_0.5Mn_0.3Co_0.2O₂ Particle Damage from Fast Charging in Optimized, Full Li-Ion Cells

Journal Article · Mon Dec 12 00:00:00 EST 2022 · Journal of Physical Chemistry. C

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c06977· OSTI ID:1908974

^[1];

^[2]; Welborn, Samuel S. ^[3]; Agyeman-Budu, David N. ^[1]; Dunlop, Alison R. ^[4];

^[4];

^[5]; Jansen, Andrew N. ^[4];

^[1]

SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL)
Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 North Fremont, Idaho Falls, Idaho83415, United States
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (United States)
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)
Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)

Fast charging batteries are critical to the widespread adoption of electric vehicles to compete with refueling times of combustion-based vehicles. In the near term, adapting current commercial battery technologies to perform better under fast charging conditions through engineering optimizations will greatly expedite the process while exploratory fast-charging electrode materials are being pursued. To do so, the degradation modes in optimized Li-ion batteries need to be completely explored to understand fast charging limits while maintaining a high energy density and a long cycle life. While lithium plating on graphite still remains a challenge, cathode degradation also plays a key role in battery performance. In this work, we used nano- and micro-X-ray computed tomography to characterize the mechanical degradation of LiNi_0.5Mn_0.3Co_0.2O₂ (NMC532) in optimized Li-ion batteries cycled at three rates, 1C, 6C, and 9C, and at different stages of cycle life, 225 and 600 cycles. We report despite using a conservative upper voltage cutoff limit aimed to minimize extensive cathode degradation, higher charging rates and increased cycling caused the polycrystalline NMC532 particles to fracture and pulverize, which likely drives cathode capacity fade and contributes to the decrease in overall cell performance.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists (WDTS); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; AC07-05ID14517; AC02-06CH11357; SC0014664

OSTI ID:: 1908974

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1957978; OSTI ID: 2290256

Report Number(s):: INL/JOU-22-69362-Rev000; TRN: US2312079

Journal Information:: Journal of Physical Chemistry. C, Vol. 126, Issue 50; ISSN 1932-7447

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: The Evolution of LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 Particle Damage from Fast Charging in Optimized, Full Li-Ion Cells

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Title: The Evolution of LiNi_0.5Mn_0.3Co_0.2O₂ Particle Damage from Fast Charging in Optimized, Full Li-Ion Cells