A Comprehensive Understanding of the Aging Effects of Extreme Fast Charging on High Ni NMC Cathode

Tanim, Tanvir R.; Yang, Zhenzhen; Finegan, Donal P.; Chinnam, Parameswara R.; Lin, Yulin; Weddle, Peter J.; Bloom, Ira; Colclasure, Andrew M.; Dufek, Eric J.; Wen, Jianguo; Tsai, Yifen; Evans, Michael C.; Smith, Kandler; Allen, Jeffery M.; Dickerson, Charles C.; Quinn, Alexander H.; Dunlop, Alison R.; Trask, Stephen E.; Jansen, Andrew N.

doi:10.1002/aenm.202103712

A Comprehensive Understanding of the Aging Effects of Extreme Fast Charging on High Ni NMC Cathode

Journal Article · Fri Apr 22 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Advanced Energy Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202103712· OSTI ID:1867583

^[1]; Yang, Zhenzhen ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[1]; Lin, Yulin ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[1]; Wen, Jianguo ^[2]; Tsai, Yifen ^[2]; Evans, Michael C. ^[1]; ^[3]; Allen, Jeffery M. ^[3]; ^[1]; ^[4]; ^[2]; ^[2]; Jansen, Andrew N. ^[2]

Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

As the battery industry shifts toward high Ni content cathodes, such as LiNi_0.8Mn_0.1Co_0.1O₂ [NMC811], a complete understanding of the degradation mechanisms of NMC811 under extreme fast charging (XFC) (XFC, ≤10–15 min charging) conditions is needed. Such comprehensive understanding would identify the most critical materials gaps that need to be addressed for enabling XFC long-life cells for electric vehicles. This study maps out the key aging mechanisms for NMC811 cycled at different XFC conditions (between 1C and 9C) for up to 1000 cycles. To acquire a fundamental understanding of utilization and degradation, cells are evaluated using a range of electrochemical techniques, and multimodal and multiscale microscopy techniques to quantify chemical, structural, and crystallographic degradation as a function of cycling conditions for the NMC cathode. When comparing NMC811 to NMC532, it is observed that NMC811 has a greater subsurface crystallographic degradation and displays a similar magnitude of subparticle cracking. However, the NMC811 maintains superior performance despite those advanced degradations. Here, the superior cycle life performance is attributed to the NMC811 particles having radially oriented grains and improved transport properties. NMC811 shows between 4.6× and 3.15× reduction in capacity fade than NMC532 for charging rates between 4C (e.g., 15-min charging) and 6C (10-min charging).

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office, Advanced Battery Cell Research Program (eXtreme Fast-Charge Cell Evaluation of Lithium-ion batteries [XCEL])

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; AC07-05ID14517; AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1867583

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1871302
OSTI ID: 1878612

Report Number(s):: INL/JOU-21-64400-Rev000; NREL/JA-5700-81576; MainId:82349; UUID:a9a5ddf6-3e40-4580-9827-088031702116; MainAdminID:64326

Journal Information:: Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Energy Materials Journal Issue: 22 Vol. 12; ISSN 1614-6832

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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25 ENERGY STORAGE
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A Comprehensive Understanding of the Aging Effects of Extreme Fast Charging on High Ni NMC Cathode

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