Skip to main content
OSTI.GOVU.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
 

A High Diversity of Eurasian Lineage Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza A Viruses Circulate among Wild Birds Sampled in Egypt

Journal Article · · PLoS ONE
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [3];  [3];  [4];  [3];  [3];  [5];  [6];  [2];  [3];  [3];  [3];  [3];  [2];  [2];  [7]
  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA (United States); OSTI
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA (United States)
  3. United States Naval Medical Research Unit 3, Cairo (Egypt)
  4. Antiplague Inst., Odessa (Ukraine)
  5. Ministry of Environment, Cairo (Egypt)
  6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA (United States); National Center for Epidemiology, Budapest (Hungary)
  7. Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations

Surveillance for influenza A viruses in wild birds has increased substantially as part of efforts to control the global movement of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus. Studies conducted in Egypt from 2003 to 2007 to monitor birds for H5N1 identified multiple subtypes of low pathogenicity avian influenza A viruses isolated primarily from migratory waterfowl collected in the Nile Delta. Phylogenetic analysis of 28 viral genomes was performed to estimate their nearest ancestors and identify possible reassortants. Migratory flyway patterns were included in the analysis to assess gene flow between overlapping flyways. Overall, the viruses were most closely related to Eurasian, African and/or Central Asian lineage low pathogenicity viruses and belonged to 15 different subtypes. A subset of the internal genes seemed to originate from specific flyways (Black Sea-Mediterranean, East African-West Asian). The remaining genes were derived from a mixture of viruses broadly distributed across as many as 4 different flyways suggesting the importance of the Nile Delta for virus dispersal. Molecular clock date estimates suggested that the time to the nearest common ancestor of all viruses analyzed ranged from 5 to 10 years, indicating frequent genetic exchange with viruses sampled elsewhere. The intersection of multiple migratory bird flyways and the resulting diversity of influenza virus gene lineages in the Nile Delta create conditions favoring reassortment, as evident from the gene constellations identified by this study. In conclusion, we present for the first time a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of full genome sequences from low pathogenic avian influenza viruses circulating in Egypt, underscoring the significance of the region for viral reassortment and the potential emergence of novel avian influenza A viruses, as well as representing a highly diverse influenza A virus gene pool that merits continued monitoring.

Research Organization:
Oak Ridge Inst. for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0014664
OSTI ID:
1904933
Journal Information:
PLoS ONE, Journal Name: PLoS ONE Journal Issue: 7 Vol. 8; ISSN 1932-6203
Publisher:
Public Library of ScienceCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (54)

The molecular basis of the specific anti-influenza action of amantadine. journal November 1985
Molecular changes associated with the transmission of avian influenza a H5N1 and H9N2 viruses to humans journal November 2001
Role of Hemagglutinin Cleavage for the Pathogenicity of Influenza Virus journal May 1999
Differential Effect of Nucleotide Substitutions in the 3′ Arm of the Influenza A Virus vRNA Promoter on Transcription/Replication by Avian and Human Polymerase Complexes Is Related to the Nature of PB2 Amino Acid 627 journal November 2002
An overview of the epidemiology of avian influenza journal July 2007
PB2 amino acid at position 627 affects replicative efficiency, but not cell tropism, of Hong Kong H5N1 influenza A viruses in mice journal March 2004
The development and genetic diversity of H5N1 influenza virus in China, 1996–2006 journal October 2008
Influenza as a zoonosis: how likely is a pandemic? journal February 1998
How to overcome resistance of influenza A viruses against adamantane derivatives journal February 1998
A pandemic warning? journal October 1997
A novel influenza A virus mitochondrial protein that induces cell death journal December 2001
Oseltamivir Resistance — Disabling Our Influenza Defenses journal December 2005
The viral polymerase mediates adaptation of an avian influenza virus to a mammalian host journal December 2005
MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) Software Version 4.0 journal April 2007
Long-distance migrating species of birds travel in larger groups journal April 2011
Understanding the ecological drivers of avian influenza virus infection in wildfowl: a continental-scale study across Africa journal September 2011
Global Patterns of Influenza A Virus in Wild Birds journal April 2006
Persistent Host Markers in Pandemic and H5N1 Influenza Viruses journal October 2007
NS1 Proteins of Avian Influenza A Viruses Can Act as Antagonists of the Human Alpha/Beta Interferon Response journal March 2007
Multiple Anti-Interferon Actions of the Influenza A Virus NS1 Protein journal April 2007
The CPSF30 Binding Site on the NS1A Protein of Influenza A Virus Is a Potential Antiviral Target journal March 2006
Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses journal March 1992
Origin and evolution of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in Asia journal August 2005
BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees journal January 2007
Spatial, Temporal, and Species Variation in Prevalence of Influenza A Viruses in Wild Migratory Birds journal January 2007
A Single Mutation in the PB1-F2 of H5N1 (HK/97) and 1918 Influenza A Viruses Contributes to Increased Virulence journal October 2007
The Evolutionary Genetics and Emergence of Avian Influenza Viruses in Wild Birds journal May 2008
Influenza Virus A (H10N7) in Chickens and Poultry Abattoir Workers, Australia journal May 2012
Spatio-temporal dynamics of global H5N1 outbreaks match bird migration patterns journal November 2009
Human influenza A H5N1 virus related to a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus journal February 1998
How to overcome resistance of influenza A viruses against adamantane derivatives journal February 1998
Oseltamivir Resistance during Treatment of Influenza A (H5N1) Infection journal December 2005
Influenza A Viruses of Migrating Wild Aquatic Birds in North America journal September 2004
Choosing Appropriate Substitution Models for the Phylogenetic Analysis of Protein-Coding Sequences journal September 2005
MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput journal March 2004
Prevalence of PB1-F2 of influenza A viruses journal February 2007
Migratory movements of waterfowl in Central Asia and avian influenza emergence: sporadic transmission of H5N1 from east to west journal January 2011
Continued evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1): updated nomenclature journal October 2011
Molecular Basis for High Virulence of Hong Kong H5N1 Influenza A Viruses journal September 2001
Characterization of an Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus Isolated from a Child with a Fatal Respiratory Illness journal January 1998
Persistent Host Markers in Pandemic and H5N1 Influenza Viruses journal October 2007
NS1 Proteins of Avian Influenza A Viruses Can Act as Antagonists of the Human Alpha/Beta Interferon Response journal March 2007
Multiple Anti-Interferon Actions of the Influenza A Virus NS1 Protein journal April 2007
Antigenic and genetic characterization of a novel hemagglutinin subtype of influenza A viruses from gulls journal June 1982
The Surface Glycoproteins of H5 Influenza Viruses Isolated from Humans, Chickens, and Wild Aquatic Birds Have Distinguishable Properties journal February 1999
Characterization of a Novel Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin Subtype (H16) Obtained from Black-Headed Gulls journal February 2005
The CPSF30 Binding Site on the NS1A Protein of Influenza A Virus Is a Potential Antiviral Target journal March 2006
Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses. journal January 1992
Differences Between HA Receptor-Binding Sites of Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Laridae and Anatidae journal September 2003
Epidemiology of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in wild birds journal April 2009
Genome Analysis Linking Recent European and African Influenza (H5N1) Viruses journal May 2007
Possible Avian Influenza (H5N1) from Migratory Bird, Egypt journal July 2007
Microevolution of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses Isolated from Humans, Egypt, 2007–2011 journal January 2013
Surveillance of Avian Influenza Viruses in Migratory Birds in Egypt, 2003–09 journal July 2012

Cited By (5)

Intense circulation of A/H5N1 and other avian influenza viruses in Cambodian live-bird markets with serological evidence of sub-clinical human infections journal January 2016
Avian influenza surveillance in domestic waterfowl and environment of live bird markets in Bangladesh, 2007–2012 journal June 2018
Surveillance for avian influenza viruses in wild birds at live bird markets, Egypt, 2014‐2016 journal February 2019
Genetically Diverse Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza A Virus Subtypes Co-Circulate among Poultry in Bangladesh journal March 2016
Serological Evidence of Human Infection with Avian Influenza A H7virus in Egyptian Poultry Growers journal June 2016

Similar Records

Genetically Diverse Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza A Virus Subtypes Co-Circulate among Poultry in Bangladesh
Journal Article · Thu Mar 24 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · PLoS ONE · OSTI ID:1377073
Evolution of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza viruses
Journal Article · Wed Dec 31 23:00:00 EST 2008 · PLOS Pathogens · OSTI ID:972064
Avian influenza A virus PB2 promotes interferon type I inducing properties of a swine strain in porcine dendritic cells
Journal Article · Fri May 25 00:00:00 EDT 2012 · Virology · OSTI ID:22149272

Related Subjects

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Egypt
H5N1
Viral pathogens
animal migration
avian influenza
bird genetics
influenza A virus
phylogenetic analysis