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Title: Genetically Diverse Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza A Virus Subtypes Co-Circulate among Poultry in Bangladesh

Journal Article · · PLoS ONE
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [2];  [2];  [1];  [1];  [5];  [1];  [6]
  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (United States)
  2. International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka (Bangladesh)
  3. Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Dhaka (Bangladesh)
  4. EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY (United States)
  5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (United States); International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka (Bangladesh)
  6. Linneaus Univ. (Sweden)
+ Show Author Affiliations

Influenza virus surveillance, poultry outbreak investigations and genomic sequencing were assessed to understand the ecology and evolution of low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) A viruses in Bangladesh from 2007 to 2013. We analyzed 506 avian specimens collected from poultry in live bird markets and backyard flocks to identify influenza A viruses. Virus isolation-positive specimens (n = 50) were subtyped and their coding-complete genomes were sequenced. The most frequently identified subtypes among LPAI isolates were H9N2, H11N3, H4N6, and H1N1. Less frequently detected subtypes included H1N3, H2N4, H3N2, H3N6, H3N8, H4N2, H5N2, H6N1, H6N7, and H7N9. Gene sequences were compared to publicly available sequences using phylogenetic inference approaches. Among the 14 subtypes identified, the majority of viral gene segments were most closely related to poultry or wild bird viruses commonly found in Southeast Asia, Europe, and/or northern Africa. LPAI subtypes were distributed over several geographic locations in Bangladesh, and surface and internal protein gene segments clustered phylogenetically with a diverse number of viral subtypes suggesting extensive reassortment among these LPAI viruses. H9N2 subtype viruses differed from other LPAI subtypes because genes from these viruses consistently clustered together, indicating this subtype is enzootic in Bangladesh. The H9N2 strains identified in Bangladesh were phylogenetically and antigenically related to previous human-derived H9N2 viruses detected in Bangladesh representing a potential source for human infection. In contrast, the circulating LPAI H5N2 and H7N9 viruses were both phylogenetically and antigenically unrelated to H5 viruses identified previously in humans in Bangladesh and H7N9 strains isolated from humans in China. In Bangladesh, domestic poultry sold in live bird markets carried a wide range of LPAI virus subtypes and a high diversity of genotypes. Here these findings, combined with the seven year timeframe of sampling, indicate a continuous circulation of these viruses in the country.

Research Organization:
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
OSTI ID:
1377073
Journal Information:
PLoS ONE, Vol. 11, Issue 3; ISSN 1932-6203
Publisher:
Public Library of ScienceCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 30 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Cited By (10)

Review analysis and impact of co-circulating H5N1 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses in Bangladesh journal May 2018
Avian influenza surveillance in domestic waterfowl and environment of live bird markets in Bangladesh, 2007–2012 journal June 2018
Continuing evolution of highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses in Bangladeshi live poultry markets journal January 2019
Avian influenza virus surveillance in migratory birds in Egypt revealed a novel reassortant H6N2 subtype journal October 2019
A Decade of Avian Influenza in Bangladesh: Where Are We Now? journal September 2019
A Qualitative Stakeholder Analysis of Avian Influenza Policy in Bangladesh journal November 2017
Role of domestic ducks in the emergence of a new genotype of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza A viruses in Bangladesh journal January 2017
Novel multiplex assay platforms to detect influenza A hemagglutinin subtype-specific antibody responses for high-throughput and in-field applications journal April 2017
Serological and virological surveillance of avian influenza virus in domestic ducks of the north-east region of Bangladesh journal June 2017
Semi-Scavenging Poultry as Carriers of Avian Influenza Genes journal February 2022

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES
H7N9
Animal phylogenetics
Poultry
Bird genetics
Microbial genetics
Viral pathogens
Birds
Bangladesh