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Understanding intercalation chemistry for sustainable aqueous zinc–manganese dioxide batteries

Journal Article · · Nature Sustainability
Rechargeable aqueous Zn-MnO2 technology combines one of the oldest battery chemistries with favourable sustainability characteristics, including safety, cost and environmental compatibility. However, the ambiguous charge storage mechanism presents a challenge to fulfil the great potential of this energy technology. In this work, we leverage on advanced electron microscopy, electrochemical analysis and theoretical calculations to look into the intercalation chemistry within the cathode material, or α-MnO2 more specifically. We show that Zn2+ insertion into the cathode is unlikely in the aqueous system; rather, the charge storage process is dominated by proton intercalation to form α-HxMnO2. We further reveal anisotropic lattice change as a result of entering protons proceeding from the surface into the bulk of α-MnO2, which accounts for the structural failure and capacity decay of the electrode upon cycling. Our work not only advances the fundamental understanding of rechargeable zinc batteries but also suggests the possibility to optimize proton intercalation kinetics for better-performing cell designs. A rechargeable aqueous Zn-MnO2 battery features a combination of favourable sustainability characteristics from safety to cost. The authors deploy advanced characterizations and theoretical calculations to provide fresh insight into the charge storage mechanism, which not only closes an ongoing debate but suggests ways forward.
Research Organization:
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); National Science Foundation (NSF); Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); The Faraday Institution
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-06CH11357
OSTI ID:
1900589
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1901056
Journal Information:
Nature Sustainability, Journal Name: Nature Sustainability Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 5; ISSN 2398-9629
Publisher:
Springer NatureCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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