Detecting onset of lithium plating during fast charging of Li-ion batteries using operando electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Brown, David E.; McShane, Eric J.; Konz, Zachary M.; Knudsen, Kristian B.; McCloskey, Bryan D.

doi:10.1016/j.xcrp.2021.100589

Detecting onset of lithium plating during fast charging of Li-ion batteries using operando electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Journal Article · Tue Sep 28 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Cell Reports Physical Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2021.100589· OSTI ID:1899125

^[1]; ^[1]; Konz, Zachary M. ^[1]; ^[2]; McCloskey, Bryan D. ^[1]

Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Unisense A/S, Aarhus (Denmark)

Electrochemical plating of Li metal on the graphite electrode is the key limitation behind slow charging times of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles (EVs). Currently, electrochemical methods to detect the onset of Li plating while a battery is fast charging are sparse. In this study, we use operando electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to reliably detect the onset of Li plating on graphite electrodes in three-electrode LIBs. An increase in the graphite solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) resistance indicates that Li plating has occurred. By cross-validating with a highly sensitive ex situ chemical titration, we determine that this technique can detect very small amounts of plated Li (<0.6% of the graphite electrode's capacity). We also offer physical explanations for the observed impedance behavior. Finally, we show that this technique can be applied to standard two-electrode LIB systems, making the method an important step toward safely implementing fast charging protocols for LIBs in EVs.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1899125

Journal Information:: Cell Reports Physical Science, Journal Name: Cell Reports Physical Science Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 2; ISSN 2666-3864

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Detecting onset of lithium plating during fast charging of Li-ion batteries using operando electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

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