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Measured proton electromagnetic structure deviates from theoretical predictions

Journal Article · · Nature (London)
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  1. Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States); Temple University
  2. Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States)
  3. Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)
  4. New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM (United States)
  5. Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (United States)
  6. College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (United States)
  7. Catholic Univ. of America, Washington, DC (United States)
  8. Hampton Univ., Hampton, VA (United States); Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA (United States)
  9. Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States); Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA (United States)
  10. Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State, MS (United States)
  11. Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, VA (United States)
  12. Univ. of Regina, SK (Canada)
  13. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)
  14. Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States)
  15. Hampton Univ., Hampton, VA (United States)
  16. Florida International Univ. (FIU), Miami, FL (United States)
  17. Artem Alikhanian National Lab., Yerevan (Armenia)
  18. Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
  19. Veer Kunwar Singh Univ., Arrah (India)
  20. Univ. of Pavia (Italy); Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Pavia (Italy)
+ Show Author Affiliations
The visible world is founded on the proton, the only composite building block of matter that is stable in nature. Consequently, understanding the formation of matter relies on explaining the dynamics and the properties of the proton’s bound state. A fundamental property of the proton involves the response of the system to an external electromagnetic field. It is characterized by the electromagnetic polarizabilities that describe how easily the charge and magnetization distributions inside the system are distorted by the electromagnetic field. Moreover, the generalized polarizabilities map out the resulting deformation of the densities in a proton subject to an electromagnetic field. They disclose essential information about the underlying system dynamics and provide a key for decoding the proton structure in terms of the theory of the strong interaction that binds its elementary quark and gluon constituents. Of particular interest is a puzzle in the electric generalized polarizability of the proton that remains unresolved for two decades. Here we report measurements of the proton’s electromagnetic generalized polarizabilities at low four-momentum transfer squared. We show evidence of an anomaly to the behaviour of the proton’s electric generalized polarizability that contradicts the predictions of nuclear theory and derive its signature in the spatial distribution of the induced polarization in the proton. Here, the reported measurements suggest the presence of a new, not-yet-understood dynamical mechanism in the proton and present notable challenges to the nuclear theory.
Research Organization:
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States); Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-06CH11357; AC05-06OR23177; SC0016577
OSTI ID:
1895351
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 2427970
OSTI ID: 1896663
Report Number(s):
DOE/OR/23177-5638; JLAB-PHY--22-3744; arXiv:2210.11461
Journal Information:
Nature (London), Journal Name: Nature (London) Journal Issue: 7935 Vol. 611; ISSN 0028-0836
Publisher:
Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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