Bioenergy sorghum stem growth regulation: intercalary meristem localization, development, and gene regulatory network analysis

Yu, Ka Man Jasmine; Oliver, Joel; McKinley, Brian; Weers, Brock; Fabich, Hilary T.; Evetts, Nathan; Conradi, Mark S.; Altobelli, Stephen A.; Marshall‐Colon, Amy; Mullet, John

doi:10.1111/tpj.15960

Bioenergy sorghum stem growth regulation: intercalary meristem localization, development, and gene regulatory network analysis

Journal Article · Thu Sep 22 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · The Plant Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.15960· OSTI ID:1888828

^[1]; Oliver, Joel ^[1]; ^[1]; Weers, Brock ^[1]; Fabich, Hilary T. ^[2]; Evetts, Nathan ^[2]; Conradi, Mark S. ^[2]; Altobelli, Stephen A. ^[2]; ^[3]; Mullet, John ^[1]

Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Texas A&,M University College Station Texas 77843‐2128 USA
ABQMR, Inc. 2301 Yale Blvd. SE, Suite C2 Albuquerque New Mexico 87106 USA
Department of Plant Biology University of Illinois Champaign‐Urbana Illinois 61801 USA

SUMMARY

Bioenergy sorghum is a highly productive drought tolerant C ₄ grass that accumulates 80% of its harvestable biomass in approximately 4 m length stems. Stem internode growth is regulated by development, shading, and hormones that modulate cell proliferation in intercalary meristems (IMs). In this study, sorghum stem IMs were localized above the pulvinus at the base of elongating internodes using magnetic resonance imaging, microscopy, and transcriptome analysis. A change in cell morphology/organization occurred at the junction between the pulvinus and internode where LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES ( SbLOB ), a boundary layer gene, was expressed. Inactivation of an AGCVIII kinase in DDYM ( dw2 ) resulted in decreased SbLOB expression, disrupted IM localization, and reduced internode cell proliferation. Transcriptome analysis identified approximately 1000 genes involved in cell proliferation, hormone signaling, and other functions selectively upregulated in the IM compared with a non‐meristematic stem tissue. This cohort of genes is expressed in apical dome stem tissues before localization of the IM at the base of elongating internodes. Gene regulatory network analysis identified connections between genes involved in hormone signaling and cell proliferation. The results indicate that gibberellic acid induces accumulation of growth regulatory factors (GRFs) known to interact with ANGUSTIFOLIA (SbAN3), a master regulator of cell proliferation. GRF:AN3 was predicted to induce SbARF3/ETT expression and regulate SbAN3 expression in an auxin‐dependent manner. GRFs and ARFs regulate genes involved in cytokinin and brassinosteroid signaling and cell proliferation. The results provide a molecular framework for understanding how hormone signaling regulates the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation in the stem IM.

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Research Organization:: Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States). Texas A & M AgriLife Research; Univ. of California, Oakland, CA (United States); Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AR0000823; SC0018409

OSTI ID:: 1888828

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2418417
OSTI ID: 1893773

Journal Information:: The Plant Journal, Journal Name: The Plant Journal Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 112; ISSN 0960-7412

Publisher:: Wiley-BlackwellCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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The AGCVIII kinase Dw2 modulates cell proliferation, endomembrane trafficking, and MLG/xylan cell wall localization in elongating stem internodes of Sorghum bicolor

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Bioenergy sorghum stem growth regulation: intercalary meristem localization, development, and gene regulatory network analysis

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