Assessment of ion kinetic effects in shock-driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions using fusion burn imaging

Rosenberg, M. J.; Séguin, F. H.; Amendt, P. A.; Atzeni, S.; Rinderknecht, H. G.; Hoffman, N. M.; Zylstra, A. B.; Li, C. K.; Sio, H.; Gatu Johnson, M.; Frenje, J. A.; Petrasso, R. D.; Glebov, V. Yu.; Stoeckl, C.; Seka, W.; Marshall, F. J.; Delettrez, J. A.; Sangster, T. C.; Betti, R.; Wilks, S. C.; Pino, J.; Kagan, G.; Molvig, K.; Nikroo, A.

doi:10.1063/1.4921935

Assessment of ion kinetic effects in shock-driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions using fusion burn imaging

Journal Article · Tue Jun 02 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Physics of Plasmas

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4921935· OSTI ID:1183656

Rosenberg, M. J. ^[1]; Séguin, F. H. ^[2]; Amendt, P. A. ^[3]; Atzeni, S. ^[4]; Rinderknecht, H. G. ^[2]; ^[5]; Zylstra, A. B. ^[2]; Li, C. K. ^[2]; ^[2]; Gatu Johnson, M. ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[2]; Glebov, V. Yu. ^[6]; Stoeckl, C. ^[6]; Seka, W. ^[6]; Marshall, F. J. ^[6]; Delettrez, J. A. ^[6]; ^[6]; Betti, R. ^[6]; Wilks, S. C. ^[3] more »

Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States). Plasma Science and Fusion Center; Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States). Lab. for Laser Energetics; High Energy Density Physics Division, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States). Plasma Science and Fusion Center
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Università di Roma “La Sapienza” and CNISM, Roma (Italy)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States)
General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)

The significance and nature of ion kinetic effects in D³He-filled, shock-driven inertial confinement fusion implosions are assessed through measurements of fusion burn profiles. Over this series of experiments, the ratio of ion-ion mean free path to minimum shell radius (the Knudsen number, N_K) was varied from 0.3 to 9 in order to probe hydrodynamic-like to strongly kinetic plasma conditions; as the Knudsen number increased, hydrodynamic models increasingly failed to match measured yields, while an empirically-tuned, first-step model of ion kinetic effects better captured the observed yield trends [Rosenberg et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 185001 (2014)]. Here, spatially resolved measurements of the fusion burn are used to examine kinetic ion transport effects in greater detail, adding an additional dimension of understanding that goes beyond zero-dimensional integrated quantities to one-dimensional profiles. In agreement with the previous findings, a comparison of measured and simulated burn profiles shows that models including ion transport effects are able to better match the experimental results. Further, in implosions characterized by large Knudsen numbers (N_K ~ 3), the fusion burn profiles predicted by hydrodynamics simulations that exclude ion mean free path effects are peaked far from the origin, in stark disagreement with the experimentally observed profiles, which are centrally peaked. In contrast, a hydrodynamics simulation that includes a model of ion diffusion is able to qualitatively match the measured profile shapes. Therefore, ion diffusion or diffusion-like processes are identified as a plausible explanation of the observed trends, though further refinement of the models is needed for a more complete and quantitative understanding of ion kinetic effects.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0001857; NA0002035; FC52-08NA28752

OSTI ID:: 1183656

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1228164
OSTI ID: 22410522
OSTI ID: 1887015

Journal Information:: Physics of Plasmas, Journal Name: Physics of Plasmas Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 22; ISSN 1070-664X

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (42)

2-D Lagrangian studies of symmetry and stability of laser fusion targets Atzeni, Stefano Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 43, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4655(86)90056-1	journal	December 1986
HYADES—A plasma hydrodynamics code for dense plasma studies Larsen, Jon T.; Lane, Stephen M. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, Vol. 51, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4073(94)90078-7	journal	January 1994
Initial performance results of the OMEGA laser system Boehly, T. R.; Brown, D. L.; Craxton, R. S. Optics Communications, Vol. 133, Issue 1-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0030-4018(96)00325-2	journal	January 1997
Fluid and kinetic simulation of inertial confinement fusion plasmas Atzeni, S.; Schiavi, A.; Califano, F. Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 169, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2005.03.036	journal	July 2005
Thermo-diffusion in inertially confined plasmas Kagan, Grigory; Tang, Xian-Zhu Physics Letters A, Vol. 378, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2014.04.005	journal	April 2014
Mathematical structure of transport equations for multispecies flows Schunk, R. W. Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 15, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1029/RG015i004p00429	journal	January 1977
Laser Compression of Matter to Super-High Densities: Thermonuclear (CTR) Applications Nuckolls, John; Wood, Lowell; Thiessen, Albert Nature, Vol. 239, Issue 5368, p. 139-142 https://doi.org/10.1038/239139a0	journal	September 1972
Fuel gain exceeding unity in an inertially confined fusion implosion Hurricane, O. A.; Callahan, D. A.; Casey, D. T. Nature, Vol. 506, Issue 7488 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13008	journal	February 2014
Spectrometry of charged particles from inertial-confinement-fusion plasmas Séguin, F. H.; Frenje, J. A.; Li, C. K. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 74, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1518141	journal	February 2003
Ten-inch manipulator-based neutron temporal diagnostic for cryogenic experiments on OMEGA Stoeckl, C.; Glebov, V. Yu.; Roberts, S. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 74, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1534394	journal	March 2003
Polar direct drive on the National Ignition Facility Skupsky, S.; Marozas, J. A.; Craxton, R. S. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 11, Issue 5, p. 2763-2770 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1689665	journal	May 2004
Prototypes of National Ignition Facility neutron time-of-flight detectors tested on OMEGA Glebov, V. Yu.; Stoeckl, C.; Sangster, T. C. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 75, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1788875	journal	October 2004
D3He-proton emission imaging for inertial-confinement-fusion experiments (invited) Séguin, F. H.; DeCiantis, J. L.; Frenje, J. A. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 75, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1788892	journal	October 2004
Measured dependence of nuclear burn region size on implosion parameters in inertial confinement fusion experiments Séguin, F. H.; DeCiantis, J. L.; Frenje, J. A. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 13, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2172932	journal	August 2006
Proton core imaging of the nuclear burn in inertial confinement fusion implosions DeCiantis, J. L.; Séguin, F. H.; Frenje, J. A. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 77, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2173788	journal	April 2006
Tests of the hydrodynamic equivalence of direct-drive implosions with different D2 and He3 mixtures Rygg, J. R.; Frenje, J. A.; Li, C. K. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 13, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2192759	journal	May 2006
Anomalous yield reduction in direct-drive deuterium/tritium implosions due to H3e addition Herrmann, H. W.; Langenbrunner, J. R.; Mack, J. M. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 16, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3141062	journal	May 2009
Electro-diffusion in a plasma with two ion species Kagan, Grigory; Tang, Xian-Zhu Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 19, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4745869	journal	August 2012
Ion Fokker-Planck simulation of D- ³ He gas target implosions Larroche, O. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 19, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4771880	journal	December 2012
Species separation in inertial confinement fusion fuels Bellei, C.; Amendt, P. A.; Wilks, S. C. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 20, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4773291	journal	January 2013
Improving cryogenic deuterium–tritium implosion performance on OMEGA Sangster, T. C.; Goncharov, V. N.; Betti, R. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 20, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4805088	journal	May 2013
Revised Knudsen-layer reduction of fusion reactivity Albright, B. J.; Molvig, Kim; Huang, C. -K. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 20, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4833639	journal	December 2013
Investigation of ion kinetic effects in direct-drive exploding-pusher implosions at the NIF Rosenberg, M. J.; Zylstra, A. B.; Séguin, F. H. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4905064	journal	December 2014
Approximate models for the ion-kinetic regime in inertial-confinement-fusion capsule implosions Hoffman, Nelson M.; Zimmerman, George B.; Molvig, Kim Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4921130	journal	May 2015
Exploding pusher performance − A theoretical model Rosen, M. D.; Nuckolls, J. H. Physics of Fluids, Vol. 22, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.862752	journal	January 1979
D–3He proton spectra for diagnosing shell ρR and fuel Ti of imploded capsules at OMEGA Li, C. K.; Hicks, D. G.; Séguin, F. H. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 7, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.874099	journal	June 2000
Scaling laws for laser driven exploding pusher targets Ahlborn, B.; Key, M. H. Plasma Physics, Vol. 23, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0032-1028/23/5/005	journal	May 1981
Plasma Barodiffusion in Inertial-Confinement-Fusion Implosions: Application to Observed Yield Anomalies in Thermonuclear Fuel Mixtures Amendt, Peter; Landen, O. L.; Robey, H. F. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.115005	journal	September 2010
Evidence for Stratification of Deuterium-Tritium Fuel in Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosions Casey, D. T.; Frenje, J. A.; Gatu Johnson, M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.075002	journal	February 2012
Knudsen Layer Reduction of Fusion Reactivity Molvig, Kim; Hoffman, Nelson M.; Albright, B. J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.095001	journal	August 2012
First Observations of Nonhydrodynamic Mix at the Fuel-Shell Interface in Shock-Driven Inertial Confinement Implosions Rinderknecht, H. G.; Sio, H.; Li, C. K. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.135001	journal	April 2014
Exploration of the Transition from the Hydrodynamiclike to the Strongly Kinetic Regime in Shock-Driven Implosions Rosenberg, M. J.; Rinderknecht, H. G.; Hoffman, N. M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.185001	journal	May 2014
Observation of a Reflected Shock in an Indirectly Driven Spherical Implosion at the National Ignition Facility Le Pape, S.; Divol, L.; Berzak Hopkins, L. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.225002	journal	June 2014
Ion Thermal Decoupling and Species Separation in Shock-Driven Implosions Rinderknecht, Hans G.; Rosenberg, M. J.; Li, C. K. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.025001	journal	January 2015
Burn Characteristics of Marginal Deuterium-Tritium Microspheres Henderson, Dale B. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 33, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1142	journal	November 1974
DT Fusion with Microshells Brysk, H.; Hammerling, P. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 34, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.34.502	journal	February 1975
Laser Fusion Experiments at 4 TW Storm, E. K.; Ahlstrom, H. G.; Boyle, M. J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 40, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.40.1570	journal	June 1978
Multibeam Stimulated Brillouin Scattering from Hot, Solid-Target Plasmas Seka, W.; Baldis, H. A.; Fuchs, J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 89, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.175002	journal	October 2002
The National Ignition Facility Miller, George H. Optical Engineering, Vol. 43, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1117/1.1814767	journal	December 2004
The National Ignition Facility Miller, George H. Lasers and Applications in Science and Engineering, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.538462	conference	May 2004
Kinetic simulations of fuel ion transport in ICF target implosions Larroche, O. The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Vol. 27, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2003-00251-1	journal	November 2003
Electro-diffusion in a plasma with two ion species Kagan, Grigory; Tang, Xian-Zhu arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1204.1312	text	January 2012

Cited By (17)

Using multiple secondary fusion products to evaluate fuel ρR, electron temperature, and mix in deuterium-filled implosions at the NIF Rinderknecht, H. G.; Rosenberg, M. J.; Zylstra, A. B. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4928382	journal	August 2015
Ion-kinetic simulations of D- ³ He gas-filled inertial confinement fusion target implosions with moderate to large Knudsen number Larroche, O.; Rinderknecht, H. G.; Rosenberg, M. J. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 23, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4939025	journal	January 2016
Observation and modeling of interspecies ion separation in inertial confinement fusion implosions via imaging x-ray spectroscopy Joshi, T. R.; Hakel, P.; Hsu, S. C. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4978887	journal	March 2017
Ion species stratification within strong shocks in two-ion plasmas Keenan, Brett D.; Simakov, Andrei N.; Taitano, William T. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5020156	journal	March 2018
Progress on observations of interspecies ion separation in inertial-confinement-fusion implosions via imaging x-ray spectroscopy Joshi, T. R.; Hsu, S. C.; Hakel, P. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5092998	journal	June 2019
Probing ion species separation and ion thermal decoupling in shock-driven implosions using multiple nuclear reaction histories Sio, H.; Larroche, O.; Atzeni, S. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5097605	journal	July 2019
Plasma kinetic effects on interfacial mix and burn rates in multispatial dimensions Yin, L.; Albright, B. J.; Vold, E. L. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5109257	journal	June 2019
Kinetic physics in ICF: present understanding and future directions Rinderknecht, Hans G.; Amendt, P. A.; Wilks, S. C. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aab79f	journal	April 2018
Spectral composition of thermonuclear particle and recoil nuclear emissions from laser fusion targets intended for modern ignition experiments Gus’kov, S. Yu; Il’in, D. V.; Perlado, J. M. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aac739	journal	June 2018
Compression and burning of a direct-driven thermonuclear target under the conditions of inhomogeneous heating by a multi-beam megajoule laser Bel’kov, S. A.; Bondarenko, S. V.; Demchenko, N. N. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aaf062	journal	January 2019
Nuclear diagnostics for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) plasmas Frenje, J. A. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 62, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ab5137	journal	January 2020
Deciphering the kinetic structure of multi-ion plasma shocks Keenan, Brett D.; Simakov, Andrei N.; Chacón, Luis Physical Review E, Vol. 96, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.96.053203	journal	November 2017
Nuclear yield reduction in inertial confinement fusion exploding-pusher targets explained by fuel-pusher mixing through hybrid kinetic-fluid modeling Larroche, O.; Rinderknecht, H. G.; Rosenberg, M. J. Physical Review E, Vol. 98, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.98.031201	journal	September 2018
Observations of Multiple Nuclear Reaction Histories and Fuel-Ion Species Dynamics in Shock-Driven Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosions Sio, H.; Frenje, J. A.; Le, A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 122, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.122.035001	journal	January 2019
Observation and modeling of interspecies ion separation in inertial confinement fusion implosions via imaging x-ray spectroscopy Joshi, T. R.; Hakel, P.; Hsu, S. C. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1702.04276	text	January 2017
Deciphering the Kinetic Structure of Multi-Ion Plasma Shocks Keenan, Brett D.; Simakov, Andrei N.; Chacon, Luis arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1707.02927	text	January 2017
Ion Species Stratification Within Strong Shocks in Two-Ion Plasmas Keenan, Brett D.; Simakov, Andrei N.; Taitano, William T. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1712.08663	text	January 2017

Similar Records

Assessment of ion kinetic effects in shock-driven inertial confinement fusion implosions using fusion burn imaging

Journal Article · Mon Jun 15 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Physics of Plasmas · OSTI ID:22410522

Investigation of ion kinetic effects in direct-drive exploding-pusher implosions at the NIF

Journal Article · Sun Dec 28 23:00:00 EST 2014 · Physics of Plasmas · OSTI ID:1546778

Exploration of the Transition from the Hydrodynamic-like to the Strongly Kinetic Regime in Shock-Driven Implosions

Journal Article · Mon May 05 00:00:00 EDT 2014 · Physical Review Letters · OSTI ID:1172483

Related Subjects

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY
Chemical elements
Computer programming
Fluid dynamics
Fluid mechanics
Hydrodynamic codes
Hydrodynamics simulations
Hydrology
Metal oxides
Nuclear fusion
Plasma confinement

Assessment of ion kinetic effects in shock-driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions using fusion burn imaging

Citation Formats

References (42)

Cited By (17)

Similar Records

Related Subjects