Enabling Sustainable Lithium-Ion Battery Manufacturing via Recycling

Bai, Yaocai; Muralidharan, Nitin; Nanda, Jagjit; Belharouak, Ilias

doi:10.1021/bk-2022-1412.ch013

Enabling Sustainable Lithium-Ion Battery Manufacturing via Recycling

Book · Mon Aug 01 04:00:00 EDT 2022

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1412.ch013· OSTI ID:1886512

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ORNL

With millions of electric vehicles set to hit the road, challenges arise with both the access to a reliable supply of critical raw materials and management of spent Li-ion batteries that once powered those vehicles. From a circular economy perspective, it is critical to develop cost-effective and environmentally sustainable recycling technologies to manage end-of-life batteries and reintroduce the recovered materials into the supply chain to maintain a secure and healthy battery ecosystem. In this chapter, an overview of the current state of battery recycling is discussed by analyzing recycling’s benefits, key issues, and recycling strategies including pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and direct recycling. We also compare those recycling processes and highlight the direct recycling strategy by analyzing its benefits, working principles, and challenges. Direct recycling is still in the development stage and some recent advancements are discussed.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

DOE Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1886512

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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