Review of recent studies on nanoscale electrical junctions and contacts: Quantum tunneling, current crowding, and interface engineering

Banerjee, Sneha; Zhang, Peng

doi:10.1116/6.0001724

Review of recent studies on nanoscale electrical junctions and contacts: Quantum tunneling, current crowding, and interface engineering

Journal Article · Thu May 05 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0001724· OSTI ID:1882872

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Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)

The study of charge carrier transport at nanoscale electrical contacts is crucial for the development of next-generation electronics. In this study, we review recent modeling efforts on quantum tunneling, current crowding, and contact resistance across electrical interfaces with nanometer scale dimensions. A generalized self-consistent model for quantum tunneling induced electron transport in metal–insulator–metal (MIM) junctions is summarized. Rectification of a dissimilar MIM junction is reviewed. A modified two-dimensional (2D) transmission line model is used to investigate the effects of spatially varying specific contact resistivity along the contact length. The model is applied to various types of electrical contacts, including ohmic contacts, MIM junction based tunneling contacts, and 2D-material-based Schottky contacts. Roughness engineering is recently proposed to offer a possible paradigm for reducing the contact resistance of 2D-material-based electrical contacts. Contact interface engineering, which can mitigate current crowding near electrical contacts by spatially designing the interface layer thickness or properties, without requiring an additional material or component, is briefly reviewed. Tunneling engineering is suggested to eliminate severe current crowding in highly conductive ohmic contacts by introducing a thin tunneling layer or gap between the contact members. Furthermore, unsolved problems and challenges are also discussed.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003525

OSTI ID:: 1882872

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1866648

Report Number(s):: SAND2022-0458J; 702790

Journal Information:: Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A, Journal Name: Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 40; ISSN 0734-2101

Publisher:: American Vacuum Society / AIPCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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