Overview of the Morphology and Chemistry of Diagenetic Features in the Clay-Rich Glen Torridon Unit of Gale Crater, Mars

Gasda, Patrick J.; Comellas, Jade Marie; Essunfeld, Ari; Das, Debarati; Bryk, Alexander B.; Dehouck, Erwin; Schwenzer, Susanne P.; Crossey, Laura; Herkenhoff, Kenneth; Johnson, Jeffrey R.; Newsom, Horton; Lanza, Nina Louise; Rapin, William; Goetz, Walter; Meslin, Pierre-Yves; Bridges, John C.; Anderson, Ryan; David, Gael; Turner, Stuart M. R.; Thorpe, Michael T.; Kah, Linda; Frydenvang, Jens; Kronyak, Rachel; Caravaca, Gweneal; Ollila, Ann Martha; Le Mouélic, S.; Nellessen, Matthew; Hoffman, Megan; Fey, Deirdra; Cousin, Agnes; Wiens, Roger Craig; Clegg, Samuel M.; Maurice, Sylvestre; Gasnault, Olivier; Delapp, Dorothea Marcia; Reyes‐Newell, Adriana Lenneta

doi:10.1029/2021je007097

Title: Overview of the Morphology and Chemistry of Diagenetic Features in the Clay-Rich Glen Torridon Unit of Gale Crater, Mars

Journal Article · Thu Apr 21 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Planets

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2021je007097· OSTI ID:1880499

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Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
McGill Univ., Montreal, QC (Canada)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. of Lyon (France)
The Open University, Milton Keynes (United Kingdom)
Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States)
US Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ (United States)
Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States)
Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Toulouse (France); Univ. of Toulouse (France); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (France); National Centre for Space Studies (CNES), Paris (France)
Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen (Germany)
Univ. of Leicester (United Kingdom)
Texas State Univ., San Marcos, TX (United States); NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX (United States)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark)
California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Lab. (JPL)
Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Toulouse (France); Univ. of Toulouse (France); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (France); National Centre for Space Studies (CNES), Paris (France); Université Nantes (France)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (France); Université Nantes (France)
Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA (United States)

The clay-rich Glen Torridon region of Gale crater, Mars, was explored between sols 2300 and 3007. Here, we analyzed the diagenetic features observed by Curiosity, including veins, cements, nodules, and nodular bedrock, using the ChemCam, Mastcam, and Mars Hand Lens Imager instruments. We discovered many diagenetic features in Glen Torridon, including dark-toned iron- and manganese-rich veins, magnesium- and fluorine-rich linear features, Ca-sulfate cemented bedrock, manganese-rich nodules, and iron-rich strata. We have characterized the chemistry and morphology of these features, which are most widespread in the higher stratigraphic members in Glen Torridon, and exhibit a wide range of chemistries. These discoveries are strong evidence for multiple generations of fluids from multiple chemical endmembers that likely underwent redox reactions to form some of these features. In a few cases, we may be able to use mineralogy and chemistry to constrain formation conditions of the diagenetic features. For example, the dark-toned veins likely formed in warmer, highly alkaline, and highly reducing conditions, while manganese-rich nodules likely formed in oxidizing and circumneutral conditions. We also hypothesize that an initial enrichment of soluble elements, including fluorine, occurred during hydrothermal alteration early in Gale crater history to account for elemental enrichment in nodules and veins. The presence of redox-active elements, including Fe and Mn, and elements required for life, including P and S, in these fluids is strong evidence for habitability of Gale crater groundwater. Hydrothermal alteration also has interesting implications for prebiotic chemistry during the earliest stages of the crater’s evolution and early Mars.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); UK Space Agency (UKSA); Research England Expanding Excellence in England (E3); Carlsberg Foundation; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001; 180027; ST/S001522/1; 124.18

OSTI ID:: 1880499

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-21-30228

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research. Planets, Vol. 127; ISSN 2169-9097

Publisher:: American Geophysical UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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