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NuSTAR HARD X-RAY SURVEY OF THE GALACTIC CENTER REGION. II. X-RAY POINT SOURCES

Journal Article · · The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
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  1. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA (United States)
  2. Columbia University, New York, NY (United States)
  3. Columbia University, New York, NY (United States); University of Barcelona (Spain)
  4. University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  5. Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow (Russian Federation)
  6. University Catolica de Chile, Santiago (Chile); Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, Santiago (Chile); Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO (United States)
  7. Haverford College, PA (United States)
  8. Georgia College, Milledgeville, GA (United States)
  9. California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Lab. (JPL)
  10. Durham University (United Kingdom)
  11. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  12. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
  13. University of Toulouse (France); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (France)
  14. University of Toulouse (France)
  15. University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  16. California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
  17. ASI Science Data Center, Rome (Italy)
  18. Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby
  19. Hiroshima University (Japan)
  20. ASI Science Data Center, Rome (Italy); INAF-Astronomico di Roma, Monteporzio (Italy)
  21. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  22. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
  23. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations
We present the first survey results of hard X-ray point sources in the Galactic Center (GC) region by NuSTAR. We have discovered 70 hard (3–79 keV) X-ray point sources in a 0.6 deg2 region around Sgr A* with a total exposure of 1.7 Ms, and 7 sources in the Sgr B2 field with 300 ks. We identify clear Chandra counterparts for 58 NuSTAR sources and assign candidate counterparts for the remaining 19. The NuSTAR survey reaches X-ray luminosities of ~4x and ~8 x 1032 erg s-1 at the GC (8 kpc) in the 3–10 and 10–40 keV bands, respectively. The source list includes three persistent luminous X-ray binaries (XBs) and the likely run-away pulsar called the Cannonball. New source-detection significance maps reveal a cluster of hard (>10 keV) X-ray sources near the Sgr A diffuse complex with no clear soft X-ray counterparts. The severe extinction observed in the Chandra spectra indicates that all the NuSTAR sources are in the central bulge or are of extragalactic origin. Spectral analysis of relatively bright NuSTAR sources suggests that magnetic cataclysmic variables constitute a large fraction (>40%–60%). Both spectral analysis and logN–logS distributions of the NuSTAR sources indicate that the X-ray spectra of the NuSTAR sources should have kT > 20 keV on average for a single temperature thermal plasma model or an average photon index of Γ = 1.5–2 for a power-law model. These findings suggest that the GC X-ray source population may contain a larger fraction of XBs with high plasma temperatures than the field population.
Research Organization:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
CONICYT-Chile; French Space Agency (CNES); Ministry of Economy, Development, and Tourism's Millennium Science; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Russian Science Foundation; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC52-07NA27344
OSTI ID:
1876955
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 22868907
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-837150; 1056882
Journal Information:
The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online) Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 825; ISSN 1538-4357
Publisher:
IOP PublishingCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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A four-year baseline Swift study of enigmatic X-ray transients located near the Galactic center text January 2010
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White dwarf masses in cataclysmic variables text January 2015
Characterizing X-ray and Radio emission in the Black Hole X-Ray Binary V404 Cygni during Quiescence text January 2015
Disrupted Globular Clusters Can Explain the Galactic Center Gamma Ray Excess text January 2015
Constraints on the Initial-Final Mass Relation from Wide Double White Dwarfs text January 2015
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XMM-Newton observation of the bursting pulsar GRO J1744-28 in quiescence text January 2002
A Deep Chandra Catalog of X-ray Point Sources toward the Galactic Center text January 2003
New spectral classification technique for X-ray sources: quantile analysis text January 2004
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Cited By (13)

A density cusp of quiescent X-ray binaries in the central parsec of the Galaxy journal April 2018
Galactic binaries can explain the Fermi Galactic centre excess and 511 keV emission journal August 2018
X-ray detectability of accreting isolated black holes in our Galaxy journal March 2018
Almost closing the ν MSM sterile neutrino dark matter window with NuSTAR journal June 2017
Evidence for Intermediate Polars as the Origin of the Galactic Center hard X-Ray Emission journal July 2016
The NuSTAR Serendipitous Survey: The 40-month Catalog and the Properties of the Distant High-energy X-Ray Source Population journal February 2017
Neutron Stars and Black Holes in the Small Magellanic Cloud: The SMC NuSTAR Legacy Survey journal October 2019
NuSTAR and Chandra Observations of New X-Ray Transients in the Central Parsec of the Galaxy journal November 2019
Searching for Primordial Black Holes in the radio and X-ray sky text January 2016
Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph Observations of the Galactic Center: Quantifying the Extreme Ultraviolet/so ft X-ray fluxes text January 2018
Observatory science with eXTP text January 2018
Investigating the origin of the faint non-thermal emission of the Arches cluster using the 2015-2016 NuSTAR and XMM-Newton X-ray observations text January 2019
The Galactic Bulge Diffuse Emission in Broad-Band X-rays with NuSTAR text January 2019

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Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
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galaxy
x-rays