Dimethyl Carbonate: Review of Synthesis Routes and Catalysts Used

Kohli, Kirtika; Sharma, Brajendra K.; Panchal, Chandrakant B.

doi:10.3390/en15145133

Dimethyl Carbonate: Review of Synthesis Routes and Catalysts Used

Journal Article · Thu Jul 14 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Energies

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/en15145133· OSTI ID:1876455

Kohli, Kirtika; ; Panchal, Chandrakant B.

This review summarizes the performance of potential catalysts for the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) using CO2 as a feedstock by two major processes—the direct route of carbonylation of alcohols and the indirect route of alcoholysis of urea. The reaction mechanisms and corresponding catalysts that were previously investigated are discussed. The major challenges associated with the conversion of CO2 to DMC are the low yields, low DMC selectivity, and thermodynamic limitations (alcohol carbonylation) of reversible reactions with low equilibrium constants. This occurs mainly due to the highly stable carbon dioxide molecules. The development of novel catalysts with high yields and high selectivity needs to be studied to overcome these technical challenges. In addition, to enhance the DMC yield, the use of dehydrating agents for water removal from the reaction mixture is recommended and discussed in detail in this article. This review critically examines the different catalysts used by investigators, along with their respective operating conditions and suitability in applications for the commercial synthesis of CO2-based DMC.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0013233

OSTI ID:: 1876455

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1981142

Journal Information:: Energies, Journal Name: Energies Journal Issue: 14 Vol. 15; ISSN 1996-1073; ISSN ENERGA

Publisher:: MDPI AGCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Switzerland

Language:: English

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