Evidence for 4e charge of Cooper quartets in a biased multi-terminal graphene-based Josephson junction

Huang, Ko-Fan; Ronen, Yuval; Mélin, Régis; Feinberg, Denis; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Kim, Philip

doi:10.1038/s41467-022-30732-7

Title: Evidence for 4e charge of Cooper quartets in a biased multi-terminal graphene-based Josephson junction

Journal Article · Tue May 31 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Nature Communications

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30732-7· OSTI ID:1870529

Huang, Ko-Fan;

; Mélin, Régis; Feinberg, Denis;

;

Abstract In a Josephson junction (JJ) at zero bias, Cooper pairs are transported between two superconducting contacts via the Andreev bound states (ABSs) formed in the Josephson channel. Extending JJs to multiple superconducting contacts, the ABSs in the Josephson channel can coherently hybridize Cooper pairs among different superconducting electrodes. Biasing three-terminal JJs with antisymmetric voltages, for example, results in a direct current (DC) of Cooper quartet (CQ), which involves a four-fermion entanglement. Here, we report half a flux periodicity in the interference of CQ formed in graphene based multi-terminal (MT) JJs with a magnetic flux loop. We observe that the quartet differential conductance associated with supercurrent exhibits magneto-oscillations associated with a charge of 4 e , thereby presenting evidence for interference between different CQ processes. The CQ critical current shows non-monotonic bias dependent behavior, which can be modeled by transitions between Floquet-ABSs. Our experimental observation for voltage-tunable non-equilibrium CQ-ABS in flux-loop-JJs significantly extends our understanding of MT-JJs, enabling future design of topologically unique ABS spectrum.

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Research Organization:: Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF); Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (KAKENHI); Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0019300; QII-TAQS MPS 1936263; DMR1809188; ANR-19-CE47-0007; JPMXP0112101001; JP20H00354; JPMJCR15F3

OSTI ID:: 1870529

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1904348

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Journal Name: Nature Communications Vol. 13 Journal Issue: 1; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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