Strategies for on-chip digital data compression for X-ray pixel detectors

Hammer, M.; Yoshii, K.; Miceli, A.

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/16/01/p01025

Strategies for on-chip digital data compression for X-ray pixel detectors

Journal Article · Sun Jan 24 23:00:00 EST 2021 · Journal of Instrumentation

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/01/p01025· OSTI ID:1864341

Hammer, M. ^[1]; Yoshii, K. ^[1]; Miceli, A. ^[1]

Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)

Here, the continued desire for X-ray pixel detectors with higher frame rates will stress the ability of application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) designers to provide sufficient off-chip bandwidth to reach continuous frame rates in the 1 MHz regime. To move from the current 10 kHz to the 1 MHz frame rate regime, ASIC designers will continue to pack as many power-hungry high-speed transceivers at the periphery of the ASIC as possible. In this paper, however, we present new strategies to make the most efficient use of the off-chip bandwidth by utilizing data compression schemes for X-ray photon-counting and charge-integrating pixel detectors. In particular, we describe a novel in-pixel compression scheme that converts from analog to digital converter units to encoded photon counts near the photon Poisson noise level and achieves a compression ratio of >1.5x independent of the dataset. In addition, we describe a simple yet efficient zero-suppression compression scheme called "zeromask" (ZM) located at the ASIC's edge before streaming data off the ASIC chip. ZM achieves average compression ratios of >4x, >7x, and >8x for high-energy X-ray diffraction, ptychography, and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy datasets, respectively. We present the conceptual designs, register-transfer level block diagrams, and the physical ASIC implementation of these compression schemes in 65 nm CMOS. When combined, these two digital compression schemes could increase the effective off-chip bandwidth by a factor of 6-12x.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); Fermi Research Alliance

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; AC02-07CH11359

OSTI ID:: 1864341

Journal Information:: Journal of Instrumentation, Journal Name: Journal of Instrumentation Journal Issue: 01 Vol. 16; ISSN 1748-0221

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION
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