( 3 + 1 ) -D viscous hydrodynamics at finite net baryon density: Identified particle spectra, anisotropic flows, and flow fluctuations across energies relevant to the beam-energy scan at RHIC

Wu, Xiang-Yu; Qin, Guang-You; Pang, Long-Gang; Wang, Xin-Nian

doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.105.034909

Title: $(3 + 1)$ -D viscous hydrodynamics at finite net baryon density: Identified particle spectra, anisotropic flows, and flow fluctuations across energies relevant to the beam-energy scan at RHIC

Journal Article · Tue Mar 29 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Physical Review C

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.105.034909· OSTI ID:1859798

;

; Pang, Long-Gang; Wang, Xin-Nian

To study the bulk properties of quark-gluon plasma produced at beam-energy scan (BES) energies at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), we extend the (3+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamics clvisc to include net baryon number conservation and Israel-Stewart-like equations for baryon diffusion with the neos-bqs equation of state, fluctuating initial conditions from the Monte Carlo Glauber model and the afterburner smash. This integrated framework is shown to provide a good description of identified particle spectra, mean transverse momenta, and anisotropic flows for different centralities and over a wide range of collision energies (7.7-62.4 GeV). It is found that the mean momenta of identified particles and anisotropic flows increase mildly with the collision energy due to larger radial flow. We further compute the multiple-particle cumulant ratio v₂{4}/v₂{2} of elliptic flow across BES energies, and find that the relative fluctuations of elliptic flow are insensitive to the collision energy, consistent with the preliminary STAR data. Our model provides a benchmark for understanding the RHIC-BES data and studying the critical properties and phase structure of hot and dense QCD matter.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); National Science Foundation (NSF); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC0205CH11231; AC02-05CH11231; ACI-1550228; OAC-2004571; 11775095; 11890710; 11890711; 11935007; 12075098; 11221504; 11861131009; 11890714

OSTI ID:: 1859798

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1884549

Journal Information:: Physical Review C, Journal Name: Physical Review C Vol. 105 Journal Issue: 3; ISSN 2469-9985

Publisher:: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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(3+1)D hydrodynamic simulation of relativistic heavy-ion collisions Schenke, Björn; Jeon, Sangyong; Gale, Charles Physical Review C, Vol. 82, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.82.014903	journal	July 2010
Particle production and equilibrium properties within a new hadron transport approach for heavy-ion collisions Weil, J.; Steinberg, V.; Staudenmaier, J. Physical Review C, Vol. 94, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.94.054905	journal	November 2016
Harmonic decomposition of three-particle azimuthal correlations at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Adamczyk, L.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G. Physical Review C, Vol. 98, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.98.034918	journal	September 2018
Net-baryon diffusion in fluid-dynamic simulations of relativistic heavy-ion collisions Denicol, Gabriel S.; Gale, Charles; Jeon, Sangyong Physical Review C, Vol. 98, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.98.034916	journal	September 2018
Collision system and beam energy dependence of anisotropic flow fluctuations Magdy, Niseem Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 982 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2018.09.027	journal	February 2019
The iEBE-VISHNU code package for relativistic heavy-ion collisions Shen, Chun; Qiu, Zhi; Song, Huichao Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 199 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2015.08.039	journal	February 2016
Measurement of the pseudorapidity and transverse momentum dependence of the elliptic flow of charged particles in lead–lead collisions at <mml:math altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd"><mml:msqrt><mml:msub><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">NN</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.76</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext>TeV</mml:mtext></mml:math> with the ATLAS detector Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J. Physics Letters B, Vol. 707, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2011.12.056	journal	February 2012
Collision-geometry-based 3D initial condition for relativistic heavy-ion collisions Shen, Chun; Alzhrani, Sahr Physical Review C, Vol. 102, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.102.014909	journal	July 2020

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