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The chemical and physical properties of tetravalent lanthanides: Pr, Nd, Tb, and Dy

Journal Article · · Dalton Transactions
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/d0dt01400a· OSTI ID:1853166
The fundamental redox chemistry and valence electronic structure of the lanthanides in molecular complexes and extended solids continues to be a fertile area of research. The contemporary understanding of the accessible oxidation states of the lanthanide elements and the variability in their electronic structure is the result of several paradigm shifts. While the lanthanide elements have already found widespread use in technical and consumer applications, the continued reevaluation of basic redox properties is a central chemical concern to establish a more complete description of periodic properties. This fundamental understanding of valence electronic structure as it is derived from oxidation state and coordination environment is essential for the continued development of lanthanides in quantum information science and quantum materials research. This review presents the chemical and physical properties of tetravalent lanthanide ions in extended solids and molecules with a focus on the elements apart from cerium: praseodymium, neodymium, terbium, and dysprosium.
Research Organization:
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0019385
OSTI ID:
1853166
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1632968
Journal Information:
Dalton Transactions, Journal Name: Dalton Transactions Journal Issue: 45 Vol. 49; ISSN 1477-9226
Publisher:
Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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The Oxidation State of Ce in the Sandwich Molecule Cerocene journal January 1996
Ab Initio Study of Metal−Ring Bonding in the Bis(η 6 -benzene)lanthanide and -actinide Complexes M(C 6 H 6 ) 2 (M = La, Ce, Nd, Gd, Tb, Lu, Th, U) journal February 1999
Synthesis and Characterization of the First Sandwich Complex of Trivalent Thorium:  A Structural Comparison with the Uranium Analogue journal July 1999
Accessing the +IV Oxidation State in Molecular Complexes of Praseodymium journal March 2020
Record High Single-Ion Magnetic Moments Through 4f n 5d 1 Electron Configurations in the Divalent Lanthanide Complexes [(C 5 H 4 SiMe 3 ) 3 Ln] journal July 2015
Identification of the Formal +2 Oxidation State of Plutonium: Synthesis and Characterization of {Pu II [C 5 H 3 (SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 3 } journal March 2017
Covalency in Americium(III) Hexachloride journal June 2017
Quantitative Evidence for Lanthanide-Oxygen Orbital Mixing in CeO 2 , PrO 2 , and TbO 2 journal November 2017
Identification of the Formal +2 Oxidation State of Neptunium: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of {Np II [C 5 H 3 (SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 3 } 1– journal May 2018
Synthesis and Characterization of a Neutral U(II) Arene Sandwich Complex journal November 2018
Molecular Complex of Tb in the +4 Oxidation State journal June 2019
Synthesis and Magnetism of Neutral, Linear Metallocene Complexes of Terbium(II) and Dysprosium(II) journal August 2019
Design, Isolation, and Spectroscopic Analysis of a Tetravalent Terbium Complex journal July 2019
Enthalpies of solution and of formation of several terbium oxides journal January 1968
Enthalpy of formation of cerium sesquioxide journal July 1968
Do f Electrons Play a Role in the Lanthanide−Ligand Bonds? A DFT Study of Ln(NR 2 ) 3 ; R = H, SiH 3 journal August 2000
Low-Temperature Redox Properties of Nanocrystalline Cerium (IV) Oxides Revealed by in Situ XANES journal September 2007
Estimating Hybridization of Transition Metal and Oxygen States in Perovskites from O K -edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy journal January 2014
Are the Ground States of the Later Actinocenes Multiconfigurational? All-Electron Spin−Orbit Coupled CASPT2 Calculations on An(η 8 -C 8 H 8 ) 2 (An = Th, U, Pu, Cm) journal July 2009
Characterization of the Reaction Products of Laser-Ablated Early Lanthanide Metal Atoms with Molecular Oxygen. Infrared Spectra of LnO, LnO + , LnO - , LnO 2 , LnO 2 + , LnO 2 - , LnO 3 - , and (LnO) 2 in Solid Argon journal April 1999
Cerocene Revisited: The Electronic Structure of and Interconversion Between Ce 2 (C 8 H 8 ) 3 and Ce(C 8 H 8 ) 2 journal February 2009
Chelation and stabilization of berkelium in oxidation state +IV journal April 2017
The inverse-trans-influence in tetravalent lanthanide and actinide bis(carbene) complexes journal February 2017
Quantum fluctuations in spin-ice-like Pr2Zr2O7 journal June 2013
Ultra-selective ligand-driven separation of strategic actinides journal June 2019
Experimental signatures of a three-dimensional quantum spin liquid in effective spin-1/2 Ce2Zr2O7 pyrochlore journal July 2019
Transition-Metal Doped Ceria Microspheres with Nanoporous Structures for CO Oxidation journal March 2016
Synthesis of bis(η-1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) sandwich complexes of yttrium(0) and gadolinium(0); the X-ray crystal structure of the first authentic lanthanide(0) complex, [Gd(η-Bu t 3 C 6 H 3 ) 2 ] journal January 1987
On the stability and bonding in bis(η-arene)ianthanide complexes journal January 1989
η-Arene complexes of scandium(0) and scandium( II ) journal January 1991
New evidence for 5f covalency in actinocenes determined from carbon K-edge XAS and electronic structure theory journal January 2014
Synthesis, structure, and reactivity of crystalline molecular complexes of the {[C 5 H 3 (SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 3 Th} 1− anion containing thorium in the formal +2 oxidation state journal January 2015
Synthesis and hydrolysis of gas-phase lanthanide and actinide oxide nitrate complexes: a correspondence to trivalent metal ion redox potentials and ionization energies journal January 2015
The nature of chemical bonding in actinide and lanthanide ferrocyanides determined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory journal January 2016
Control of cerium oxidation state through metal complex secondary structures journal January 2015
Evidence for 5d-σ and 5d-π covalency in lanthanide sesquioxides from oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy journal January 2016
Pentavalent lanthanide nitride-oxides: NPrO and NPrO complexes with NPr triple bonds journal January 2017
Evaluating the electronic structure of formal Ln II ions in Ln II (C 5 H 4 SiMe 3 ) 3 1− using XANES spectroscopy and DFT calculations journal January 2017
Comparisons of lanthanide/actinide +2 ions in a tris(aryloxide)arene coordination environment journal January 2017
Exploring the electronic structure and speciation of aqueous and colloidal Pu with high energy resolution XANES and computations journal January 2018
Isolation of U( ii ) compounds using strong donor ligands, C 5 Me 4 H and N(SiMe 3 ) 2 , including a three-coordinate U( ii ) complex journal January 2019
Rare-earth metal and actinide organoimide chemistry journal January 2019
Impact of the lanthanide contraction on the activity of a lanthanide-dependent methanol dehydrogenase – a kinetic and DFT study journal January 2018
Isolation of reactive Ln( ii ) complexes with C 5 H 4 Me ligands (Cp Me ) using inverse sandwich countercations: synthesis and structure of [(18-crown-6)K(μ-Cp Me )K(18-crown-6)][Cp Me 3 Ln II ] (Ln = Tb, Ho) journal January 2018
Scrutinizing metal–ligand covalency and redox non-innocence via nitrogen K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy journal January 2019
Differential uranyl( v ) oxo-group bonding between the uranium and metal cations from groups 1, 2, 4, and 12; a high energy resolution X-ray absorption, computational, and synthetic study journal January 2019
Chemical evidence of the stability of praseodymium( v ) in gas-phase oxide nitrate complexes journal January 2019
Dicerium letterbox-shaped tetraphenolates: f-block complexes designed for two-electron chemistry journal January 2020
The duality of electron localization and covalency in lanthanide and actinide metallocenes journal January 2020
The first structurally authenticated zerovalent heteroarene complex of a lanthanide; synthesis and X-ray structure of bis(2,4,6-tri-tert-butyl- phosphorin)holmium(O) journal January 1997
Synthesis and single-crystal structural study of an original low-temperatureform α of BaTbF6 journal January 1997
The first stable scandocene: synthesis and characterisation of bis(η-2,4,5-tri-tert-butyl-1,3-diphosphacyclopentadienyl)scandium(II) journal January 1998
Structural transitions and conductivity of BaPrO3 and BaPr0.9Y0.1O3−δ journal January 2009
Direct study of the f-electron configuration in lanthanide systems journal January 2011
Zero oxidation state compounds of scandium, yttrium, and the lanthanides journal January 1993
Large-scale separation of rare-earth salts and the preparation of the pure metals journal January 1949
5. Rare-earth metal oxides. Part I. The direct oxidation of praseodymium and terbium sesquioxides journal January 1946
Neutron Crystal‐Field Spectroscopy in Rare‐Earth Metallic Compounds journal March 1971
Free Ion 4fn Levels of the Tetravalent Lanthanides. Fluorescence and Absorption Spectra of Cesium Dysprosium (IV) Heptafluoride journal January 1968
Electronic Spectra of Weak‐Field Fluoride Complexes of Tetravalent Neodymium journal November 1968
Paramagnetic Resonance Absorption in Neptunium Hexafluoride journal January 1960
M ‐edge x‐ray absorption spectroscopy of 4 f instabilities in rare‐earth systems (invited) journal March 1984
Thermodynamic and magnetic properties of the tetravalent rare‐earth perovskite system BaPrO 3 journal November 1991
Magnetic properties of the Tb 4+ ion in Li 2 TbF 6 journal May 1993
Spectrum analysis of U 3+ :LaCl 3 journal May 1980
Effective core potential methods for the lanthanides journal April 1993
The Thermodynamic Properties of the f -Elements and their Compounds. Part 2. The Lanthanide and Actinide Oxides journal March 2014
Towards 10 meV resolution: The design of an ultrahigh resolution soft X-ray RIXS spectrometer journal November 2016
High-resolution X-ray absorption spectroscopy as a probe of crystal-field and covalency effects in actinide compounds journal July 2016
Water Gas Shift Catalysis journal September 2009
The Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD)—Present and Future journal January 2004
Voronoi–dirichlet polyhedra in crystal chemistry: theory and applications journal October 2004
V. M. Goldschmidt: Geochemische Verteilungsgesetze der Elemente journal December 1924
Paramagnetic resonance of Tb4+ in zircon journal December 1969
Some magnetic properties of BaPrO 3 and BaTbO 3 : the magnetic form factor for Tb 4+ by neutron diffraction journal October 1972
Paramagnetic Resonance Hyperfine Structure of Tetravalent Pa 231 in Cs 2 Zr Cl 6 journal March 1961
Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering investigation of the crystal-field splitting of Sm 3 + in SmB 6 journal December 2019
f -count effects in x-ray-absorption spectra of the 3 d levels in Ce and its intermetallic compounds journal April 1983
Crystal-field transitions in f -electron oxides journal September 1985
3d x-ray-absorption lines and the 3 d 9 4 f n + 1 multiplets of the lanthanides journal October 1985
Specific intermediate-valence state of insulating 4 f compounds detected by L 3 x-ray absorption journal January 1987
X-ray absorption studies of CeO 2 , PrO 2 , and TbO 2 . II. Rare-earth valence state by L III absorption edges journal July 1987
4 f -ligand hybridization in CeF 4 and TbF 4 probed by core-level spectroscopies journal January 1988
Pressure-induced changes in L III x-ray-absorption near-edge structure of Ce O 2 and Ce F 4 : Relevance to 4 f -electronic structure journal November 1988
Effect of valence mixing on multiplet structure in core photoabsorption spectra for Ce compounds journal July 1988
Magnetic ordering and superconductivity in Y 1 − x Pr x Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7 − y journal September 1989
L III -edge spectroscopy on cerium-based intermediate-valent compounds journal January 1991
Crystal-field splittings and magnetic properties of Pr 3 + and Nd 3 + in R Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7 journal April 1991
Antiferromagnetic ordering of BaPrO 3 via neutron diffraction journal January 1992
X-ray-absorption study of PrO 2 at high pressure journal January 1994
Valency and 4 f covalency of Cs 2 RbTbF 7 journal March 1995
XANES study of rare-earth valency in L Ru 4 P 12 ( L = Ce and Pr) journal November 1999
Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering at the L 3 edge of samarium journal November 1999
Valence determination as a function of doping in PrBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 journal January 2000
Cerium L III − edge x-ray absorption study of the Ce x Fe 4 − y Co y Sb 12 skutterudites journal November 2000
Jahn-Teller effect on PrO 2 : A multimode vibronic model journal April 2004
Cooperative Jahn-Teller distortion in PrO 2 journal July 2004
Field-induced magnetic and structural domain alignment in PrO 2 journal July 2004
Perturbative approach to J mixing in f -electron systems: Application to actinide dioxides journal February 2005
Influence of static Jahn-Teller distortion on the magnetic excitation spectrum of Pr O 2 : A synchrotron x-ray and neutron inelastic scattering study journal October 2007
Static and dynamic Jahn-Teller effects and antiferromagnetic order in Pr O 2 : A mean-field analysis journal October 2007
Templating rare-earth hybridization via ultrahigh vacuum annealing of ErCl 3 nanowires inside carbon nanotubes journal February 2011
Core and shallow-core d - to f -shell excitations in rare-earth metals journal November 2011
Electronic structure of EuN: Growth, spectroscopy, and theory journal December 2011
4 f electron delocalization and volume collapse in praseodymium metal journal March 2012
Crystal-Field Splitting and Correlation Effect on the Electronic Structure of A 2 IrO 3 journal February 2013
M -Edge X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy: A New Tool for Dilute Mixed-Valent Materials journal November 1983
Spectroscopic Evidence for Localized and Extended f -Symmetry States in Ce O 2 journal July 1984
Mixed valency versus covalency in rare-earth core-electron spectroscopy journal February 1987
Self-Contained Kondo Effect in Single Molecules journal December 2005
Multipolar interactions in f -electron systems: The paradigm of actinide dioxides journal June 2009
VESTA : a three-dimensional visualization system for electronic and structural analysis journal May 2008
Caesium Pentafluoroterbate, CsTbF 5 journal September 1997
Crystal space analysis by means of Voronoi–Dirichlet polyhedra journal November 1995
Anti-KSbF 6 structure of CaTbF 6 and CdTbF 6 : a confirmation of the singular crystal chemistry of Tb 4+ in fluorides journal January 2005
Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides journal September 1976
The crystal structure of rubidium hexafluoroprotactinate(V), RbPaF6 journal December 1968
The structures of BaCeO3, BaPrO3 and BaTbO3 by neutron diffraction: lattice parameter relations and ionic radii in O-perovskites journal March 1972
A note on the crystal and magnetic structure of BaTbO3 journal November 1972
High-temperature monoclinic α-SrHfF 6 , and isostructural α-SrZrF 6 : associating Hf 2 F 12 bipolyhedra and SrF 8 snub disphenoids journal January 2018
Rare earth metals are essential for methanotrophic life in volcanic mudpots: Rare earth metals essential for methanotrophic life journal September 2013
Core electron energy loss spectroscopy of cerium: Surface oxidation journal April 1984
Coordination polyhedra LnFn (Ln = La-Lu) in crystal structures journal May 2006
Ground configuration splitting in UCl 5 journal May 1977
Soft-X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism under Pulsed High Magnetic Fields at Eu M 4,5 Edges of Mixed Valence Compound EuNi 2 (Si 0.18 Ge 0.82 ) 2 journal October 2012
Energies of the Electronic Configurations of the Singly, Doubly, and Triply Ionized Lanthanides and Actinides journal January 1971
EPR Studies of Tb 4+ in Single Crystals of Zircon and Scheelite Structure Silicates and Germanates journal January 1996
Spectroelectrochemical Studies of the Actinides: Stabilization of Americium(IV) in Aqueous Carbonate Solution journal January 1982
Formation Enthalpies of Tetravalent Lanthanide Perovskites by High Temperature Oxide Melt Solution Calorimetry journal January 2002
Theoretical Modelling of High-Resolution X-Ray Absorption Spectra at Uranium M 4 Edge journal January 2018

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