A Retrospective and Prospective Examination of the 1960s U.S. Northeast Drought

Journal Article · Wed Jul 07 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Earth's Future

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2020ef001930· OSTI ID:1852342

Xue, Zeyu ^[1]; Ullrich, Paul ^[1]

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1. Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)

As the most severe drought over the Northeastern United States (NEUS) in the past century, the 1960s drought had pronounced socioeconomic impacts. Although it was followed by a persisting wet period, the conditions leading to the 1960s extreme drought could return in the future, along with its challenges to water management. To project the potential consequences of such a future drought, pseudo-global warming simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model are performed to simulate the dynamical conditions of the historical 1960s drought, but with modified thermodynamic conditions under the shared socioeconomic pathway SSP585 scenario in the early (2021–2027), middle (2041–2047), and late (2091–2097) 21st century. Our analysis focuses on essential hydroclimatic variables including temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, snowpack, and surface runoff. In contrast to the historical 1960s drought, similar dynamical conditions will generally produce more precipitation, increased soil moisture and evapotranspiration, and reduced snowpack. However, we also find that although wet months get much wetter, dry months may become drier, meaning that wetting trends are most significant in wet months but are essentially negligible for extremely dry months with negative monthly mean net precipitation. For these months, the trend toward wetting conditions provides little relief from the effects of extreme dry months. These conditions may even aggravate water shortages due to an increasingly rapid transition from wet to dry conditions. Other challenges emerge for residents and stakeholders in this region, including more extreme hot days, record-low snow pack, frozen ground degradation and subsequent decreases in surface runoff.

• Research Organization: Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: National Institute of Food and Agriculture; US Department of Agriculture; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
• Grant/Contract Number: SC0016605
• OSTI ID: 1852342
• Journal Information: Earth's Future, Journal Name: Earth's Future Journal Issue: 7 Vol. 9; ISSN 2328-4277
• Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
58 GEOSCIENCES