Determining the Structure of Rotating Massive Stellar Cores with Gravitational Waves

Pajkos, Michael A.; Warren, MacKenzie L.; Couch, Sean M.; O’Connor, Evan P.; Pan, Kuo-Chuan

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abfb65

Determining the Structure of Rotating Massive Stellar Cores with Gravitational Waves

Journal Article · Tue Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abfb65· OSTI ID:1852038

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[4]; ^[5]

Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Computational Mathematics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics-Center for the Evolution of the Elements; OSTI
National Science Foundation Astronomy and Astrophysics Fellow; Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Department of Physics and Astronomy, Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics-Center for the Evolution of the Elements; North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC (United States). Department of Physics
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Computational Mathematics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics-Center for the Evolution of the Elements; Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory
Stockholm University, Stockholm (Sweden). Department of Astronomy and The Oskar Klein Centre
Tsinghua Univ., Taiwan (China). Department of Physics, Institute of Astronomy, Center for Informatics and Computation, National Center for Theoretical Sciences

The gravitational wave (GW) signal resulting from stellar core collapse encodes a wealth of information about the physical parameters of the progenitor star and the resulting core-collapse supernova (CCSN). We present a novel approach to constrain CCSN progenitor properties at collapse using two of the most detectable parts of the GW signal: the core-bounce signal and evolution of the dominant frequency mode from the protoneutron star. We focus on the period after core bounce but before explosion and investigate the predictive power of GWs from rotating CCSNe to constrain properties of the progenitor star. We analyze 34 2D and four 3D neutrino-radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of stellar core collapse in progenitors of varied initial mass and rotation rate. Extending previous work, we verify the compactness of the progenitor at collapse to correlate with the early ramp-up slope, and in rotating cases, also with the core angular momentum. Combining this information with the bounce signal, we present a new analysis method to constrain the pre-collapse core compactness of the progenitor. Because these GW features occur less than a second after core bounce, this analysis could allow astronomers to predict electromagnetic properties of a resulting CCSN even before shock breakout.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0015904; SC0017955

OSTI ID:: 1852038

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 23151733

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 914; ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Gravitational wave Astronomy Camp, Jordan B.; Cornish, Neil J. Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 54, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nucl.54.070103.181251	journal	December 2004
Gravitational Waves from Gravitational Collapse Fryer, Chris L.; New, Kimberly C. B. Living Reviews in Relativity, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.12942/lrr-2003-2	journal	March 2003
The Sensitivity of Core-Collapse Supernovae to Nuclear Electron Capture Sullivan, Chris; O’Connor, Evan; Zegers, Remco G. T. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 816, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/816/1/44	journal	December 2015
Two-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations with the Isotropic Diffusion Source Approximation for Neutrino Transport Pan (潘國全), Kuo-Chuan; Liebendörfer, Matthias; Hempel, Matthias The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 817, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/817/1/72	journal	January 2016
THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXPLOSIONS IN AXISYMMETRIC AB INITIO CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVA SIMULATIONS OF 12–25 ${M}_{\odot }$ STARS Bruenn, Stephen W.; Lentz, Eric J.; Hix, W. Raphael The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 818, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/818/2/123	journal	February 2016
Core-Collapse Supernovae from 9 to 120 Solar Masses Based on Neutrino-Powered Explosions Sukhbold, Tuguldur; Ertl, T.; Woosley, S. E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 821, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/821/1/38	journal	April 2016
Progenitor-Dependent Explosion Dynamics in Self-Consistent, Axisymmetric Simulations of Neutrino-Driven Core-Collapse Supernovae Summa, Alexander; Hanke, Florian; Janka, Hans-Thomas The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 825, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/825/1/6	journal	June 2016
Two-dimensional Core-collapse Supernova Explosions Aided by General Relativity with Multidimensional Neutrino Transport O’Connor, Evan P.; Couch, Sean M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 854, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaa893	journal	February 2018
Simulations of Core-collapse Supernovae in Spatial Axisymmetry with Full Boltzmann Neutrino Transport Nagakura, Hiroki; Iwakami, Wakana; Furusawa, Shun The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 854, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaac29	journal	February 2018
Equation of State Dependent Dynamics and Multi-messenger Signals from Stellar-mass Black Hole Formation Pan, Kuo-Chuan; Liebendörfer, Matthias; Couch, Sean M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 857, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aab71d	journal	April 2018
The Gravitational Wave Signal from Core-collapse Supernovae Morozova, Viktoriya; Radice, David; Burrows, Adam The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 861, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aac5f1	journal	June 2018
Exploring Fundamentally Three-dimensional Phenomena in High-fidelity Simulations of Core-collapse Supernovae O’Connor, Evan P.; Couch, Sean M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadcf7	journal	September 2018
Features of Accretion-phase Gravitational-wave Emission from Two-dimensional Rotating Core-collapse Supernovae Pajkos, Michael A.; Couch, Sean M.; Pan, Kuo-Chuan The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 878, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab1de2	journal	June 2019
Equation of State and Progenitor Dependence of Stellar-mass Black Hole Formation Schneider, André da Silva; O’Connor, Evan; Granqvist, Elvira The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 894, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab8308	journal	April 2020
Constraining Properties of the Next Nearby Core-collapse Supernova with Multimessenger Signals Warren, MacKenzie L.; Couch, Sean M.; O’Connor, Evan P. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 898, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab97b7	journal	July 2020
Gravitational Waves from Neutrino Emission Asymmetries in Core-collapse Supernovae Vartanyan, David; Burrows, Adam The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 901, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abafac	journal	September 2020
A new Gravitational-Wave Signature from Standing Accretion Shock Instability in Supernovae Kuroda, Takami; Kotake, Kei; Takiwaki, Tomoya The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 829, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8205/829/1/L14	journal	September 2016
Characterizing the Gravitational Wave Signal from Core-collapse Supernovae Radice, David; Morozova, Viktoriya; Burrows, Adam The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 876, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab191a	journal	April 2019

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