Astrophysical and Theoretical Physics Implications from Multimessenger Neutron Star Observations

Silva, Hector O.; Holgado, A. Miguel; Cárdenas-Avendaño, Alejandro; Yunes, Nicolás

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.126.181101

Astrophysical and Theoretical Physics Implications from Multimessenger Neutron Star Observations

Journal Article · Mon May 03 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Physical Review Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.126.181101· OSTI ID:1850383

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; Yunes, Nicolás

Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics, Potsdam (Germany); Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States); OSTI
Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States); Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)
Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States); Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogota (Colombia)

Here, the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) recently measured the mass and equatorial radius of the isolated neutron star PSR J0030+0451. We use these measurements to infer the moment of inertia, the quadrupole moment, and the surface eccentricity of an isolated neutron star for the first time, using relations between these quantities that are insensitive to the unknown equation of state of supranuclear matter. We also use these results to forecast the moment of inertia of neutron star A in the double pulsar binary J0737-3039, a quantity anticipated to be directly measured in the coming decade with radio observations. Combining this information with the measurement of the tidal Love number with LIGO/Virgo observations, we propose and implement the first theory-agnostic and equation-of-state-insensitive test of general relativity. Specializing these constraints to a particular modified theory, we find that consistency with general relativity places the most stringent constraint on gravitational parity violation to date, surpassing all other previously reported bounds by 7 orders of magnitude and opens the path for a future test of general relativity with multimessenger neutron star observations.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Krell Institute, Ames, IA (United States); Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States); Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); National Aeronautics And Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF); Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003864

OSTI ID:: 1850383

Journal Information:: Physical Review Letters, Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Issue: 18 Vol. 126; ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Equation-of-State Constraints on the Neutron-Star Binding Energy and Tests of Binary Formation Scenarios Holgado, A. Miguel arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2103.13605	preprint	January 2021
On the 2PN periastron precession of the Double Pulsar PSR J0737-3039A/B Iorio, Lorenzo arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2107.07126	text	January 2021

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