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Stress analysis using direct-S wavelets produced by a vertical vibrator

Journal Article · · Interpretation
 [1];  [2];  [3]
  1. Consultant, Maumee, Ohio 43537, USA.(corresponding author).; OSTI
  2. Sterling Seismic and Reservoir Services, Littleton, Colorado 80127, USA..
  3. Battelle, Columbus, Ohio 43201, USA..
+ Show Author Affiliations

We have determined how to extract the azimuth of maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) in deep rocks by doing a simple 360° mathematical rotation of a downgoing direct-S wavelet generated at the baseplate of a surface-based vertical vibrator. We worked with direct-S wavelets that travel through stressed rocks to a deep horizontal vertical seismic profile (VSP) geophone. We find that the azimuth where a polarity reversal occurs in mathematical rotations of this downgoing direct-S wavelet defines the azimuth of the SHmax in the overlying rocks. We tested this direct-S wavelet rotation method for determining the SHmax azimuth at a site in the Illinois Basin using legacy VSP data acquired in 2013. SHmax azimuths indicated by this simple wavelet-rotation method were determined when vertical vibrators were stationed at zero offset, at far offset, and at different azimuths around a VSP receiver well. These VSP-based SHmax azimuths agreed with the azimuth of the SHmax found by traditional minifrac tests in the VSP receiver well. This simple VSP data analysis procedure for detecting the azimuth of maximum horizontal stress has never, to our knowledge, been reported or discussed in the geophysical literature. This technical finding should be of interest to the worldwide geophysical community, especially to people who need to monitor how stress fields shift when fluids are injected into, or extracted from, deep porous reservoirs.

Research Organization:
Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE)
DOE Contract Number:
FE0031686
OSTI ID:
1849295
Journal Information:
Interpretation, Journal Name: Interpretation Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 9; ISSN 2324-8858
Publisher:
Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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