Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal response to fire and urbanization in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Kivlin, Stephanie N.; Harpe, V. Rosanne; Turner, Jackson H.; Moore, Jessica M.; Moorhead, Leigh C.; Beals, Kendall K.; Hubert, Mali M.; Papeş, Monica; Schweitzer, Jennifer A.

doi:10.1525/elementa.2021.00037

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal response to fire and urbanization in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Journal Article · Fri Dec 10 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Elementa

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2021.00037· OSTI ID:1840197

Kivlin, Stephanie N. ^[1]; Harpe, V. Rosanne ^[1]; Turner, Jackson H. ^[1]; Moore, Jessica M. ^[2]; Moorhead, Leigh C. ^[3]; Beals, Kendall K. ^[1]; Hubert, Mali M. ^[1]; Papeş, Monica ^[1]; Schweitzer, Jennifer A. ^[1]

Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, NC (United States). Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment

Wildfires are increasing in frequency and intensity as drier and warmer climates increase plant detrital fuel loads. At the same time, increases in urbanization position 9% of fire-prone land within the United States at the wildland–urban interface. While rarely studied, the compounded effects of urbanization and wildfires may have unknown synergistically negative effects on ecosystems. Previous studies at the wildland–urban interface often focus on aboveground plant communities, but belowground ecosystems may also be affected by this double disturbance. In particular, it is unclear how much fire and urbanization independently or interactively affect nutritional symbioses such as those between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and the majority of terrestrial plants. In November 2016, extreme drought conditions and long-term fire suppression combined to create a wildfire within the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the neighboring exurban city of Gatlinburg, TN. To understand how the double disturbance of urbanization and fire affected AM fungal communities, we collected fine roots from the 5 dominant understory species in September 2018 at each of 18 sites spanning 3 burn severities in both exurban and natural sites. Despite large variation in burn severity, plant species identity had the largest influence on AM fungi. AM fungal colonization, richness, and composition all varied most among plant species. Fire and urbanization did influence some AM fungal metrics; colonization was lower in burned sites and composition was more variable among exurban locations. There were no interactions among burn severity and urbanization on AM fungi. Our results point to the large influence of plant species identity structuring this obligate nutritional symbiosis regardless of disturbance regime. Therefore, the majority of AM fungal taxa may be buffered from fire-induced ecosystem changes if plant community composition largely remains intact, plant species life history traits allow for AM fungal persistence after fire disturbance, and/or nearby undisturbed habitat can act as an inoculum source for recolonization following fires. Thus, it is critical to maintain natural, undisturbed habitats interspersed within the wildland–urban interface.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1840197

Journal Information:: Elementa, Journal Name: Elementa Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 9; ISSN 2325-1026

Publisher:: University of California PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal response to fire and urbanization in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park

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