In situ TEM measurement of electrical properties of individual BaTiO3 nanocubes

Tian, Xinchun; Caruntu, Gabriel; Kavey, Benard; Tan, Xiaoli

doi:10.1063/5.0049477

In situ TEM measurement of electrical properties of individual BaTiO₃ nanocubes

Journal Article · Mon May 10 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Applied Physics Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0049477· OSTI ID:1834384

^[1]; Caruntu, Gabriel ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[4]

Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States); Iowa State University
Central Michigan Univ., Mount Pleasant, MI (United States); Stefan cel Mare University, Suceava (Romania)
Central Michigan Univ., Mount Pleasant, MI (United States)
Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

We report on the measurement of the electrical properties of individual pristine and doped BaTiO₃ nanocubes by using in situ transmission electron microscopy with a two-electrode configuration. The dimensions of the nanocubes tested are between 10 and 20 nm, which rendered their in situ electrical characterization challenging. We characterized 4%Cr and 5%La (atomic percentage) doped BaTiO₃ nanocubes and compared them with the properties of pristine BaTiO3 nanocubes synthesized by the same solvothermal method. We found that the resistance of all three types of nanocubes when displayed in log-scale shows a nearly linear dependence on the applied electric field (R2 ≥ 0.95) over a wide range of electric fields (50–900 kV/cm). Compared with pristine BaTiO₃ nanocubes, the resistance of both 4%Cr and 5%La doped nanocubes showed reduced variation rates with respect to the electric field, with 5%La doping, demonstrating a better reduction in the variation rate. By developing techniques capable of evaluating the properties of individual BaTiO₃ nanocubes, we expect that our work to open the door to the use of BaTiO₃ nanomaterials in the design of future multilayer ceramic capacitors with improved volumetric efficiency and ferroelectrics-enabled nanodevices with advanced functionality.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research Development and Innovation Funding (Romania)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0017839

OSTI ID:: 1834384

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1782380

Journal Information:: Applied Physics Letters, Journal Name: Applied Physics Letters Journal Issue: 19 Vol. 118; ISSN 0003-6951

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (27)

Structural Instability in Electrically Stressed, Oxygen Deficient BaTiO ₃ Nanocrystals Tian, Xinchun; Brennecka, Geoff L.; Tan, Xiaoli Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202004607	journal	September 2020
Configurable Resistive Response in BaTiO ₃ Ferroelectric Memristors via Electron Beam Radiation Molinari, Alan; Witte, Ralf; Neelisetty, Krishna Kanth Advanced Materials, Vol. 32, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201907541	journal	March 2020
Influence of foreign ions on the crystal structure of BaTiO3 Buscaglia, M. T.; Buscaglia, V.; Viviani, M. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 20, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2219(00)00076-5	journal	November 2000
Size and scaling effects in barium titanate. An overview Buscaglia, Vincenzo; Randall, Clive A. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 40, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.01.021	journal	September 2020
Size-dependence of the dielectric breakdown strength from nano- to millimeter scale Neusel, Claudia; Schneider, Gerold A. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, Vol. 63 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2013.09.009	journal	February 2014
Recent progress in resistive random access memories: Materials, switching mechanisms, and performance Pan, F.; Gao, S.; Chen, C. Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Vol. 83 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2014.06.002	journal	September 2014
Quasi-Monodisperse Transition-Metal-Doped BaTiO ₃ (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co) Colloidal Nanocrystals with Multiferroic Properties Costanzo, Tommaso; McCracken, John; Rotaru, Aurelian ACS Applied Nano Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.8b01036	journal	August 2018
Direct Observations of Field-Intensity-Dependent Dielectric Breakdown Mechanisms in TiO ₂ Single Nanocrystals Tian, Xinchun; Brennecka, Geoff Lee; Tan, Xiaoli ACS Nano, Vol. 14, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c02346	journal	June 2020
Solution-Based Growth of Monodisperse Cube-Like BaTiO ₃ Colloidal Nanocrystals Adireddy, Shiva; Lin, Cuikun; Cao, Baobao Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm9038768	journal	March 2010
Ferroelectric Tunnel Memristor Kim, D. J.; Lu, H.; Ryu, S. Nano Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl302912t	journal	October 2012
Tunneling Electroresistance Effect in Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions at the Nanoscale Gruverman, A.; Wu, D.; Lu, H. Nano Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl901754t	journal	October 2009
The missing memristor found Strukov, Dmitri B.; Snider, Gregory S.; Stewart, Duncan R. Nature, Vol. 453, Issue 7191 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06932	journal	May 2008
Giant tunnel electroresistance for non-destructive readout of ferroelectric states Garcia, V.; Fusil, S.; Bouzehouane, K. Nature, Vol. 460, Issue 7251, p. 81-84 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08128	journal	May 2009
Ferroelectric order in individual nanometre-scale crystals Polking, Mark J.; Han, Myung-Geun; Yourdkhani, Amin Nature Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3371	journal	July 2012
A ferroelectric memristor Chanthbouala, André; Garcia, Vincent; Cherifi, Ryan O. Nature Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3415	journal	September 2012
Solvothermal synthesis and controlled self-assembly of monodisperse titanium-based perovskite colloidal nanocrystals Caruntu, Daniela; Rostamzadeh, Taha; Costanzo, Tommaso Nanoscale, Vol. 7, Issue 30 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5NR00737B	journal	January 2015
Sub-10 nm strontium titanate nanocubes highly dispersed in non-polar organic solvents Fujinami, Kyoichi; Katagiri, Kiyofumi; Kamiya, Jumpei Nanoscale, Vol. 2, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/c0nr00543f	journal	January 2010
In situ growth BaTiO3 nanocubes and their superlattice from an aqueous process Dang, Feng; Mimura, Kenichi; Kato, Kazumi Nanoscale, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/c2nr11594h	journal	January 2012
Piezoresponse properties of orderly assemblies of BaTiO ₃ and SrTiO ₃ nanocube single crystals Mimura, K.; Kato, K.; Imai, H. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4731198	journal	July 2012
Domain Structure and Dielectric Response of Barium Titanate Single Crystals Matthias, B.; von Hippel, A. Physical Review, Vol. 73, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.73.1378	journal	June 1948
Grain-size effect on structure and phase transformations for barium titanate Frey, M. H.; Payne, D. A. Physical Review B, Vol. 54, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.54.3158	journal	August 1996
A brief introduction to ceramic capacitors Pan, M-J.; Randall, Clive A. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, Vol. 26, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/MEI.2010.5482787	journal	May 2010
Reversible Weight Change of Acceptor-Doped BaTiO3 Hagemann, H. -J.; Hennings, D. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 64, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1981.tb10223.x	journal	October 1981
An Alternative Explanation for the Origin of the Resistivity Anomaly in La-Doped BaTiO3 Morrison, Finlay D.; Sinclair, Derek C.; West, Anthony R. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 84, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb00684.x	journal	February 2001
Ferroelectric Memories Scott, J. F.; Paz de Araujo, C. A. Science, Vol. 246, Issue 4936 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.246.4936.1400	journal	December 1989
Dielectric Properties of BaTiO ₃ -Based Ceramics under High Electric Field Tsurumi, Takaaki; Adachi, Hiroshige; Kakemoto, Hirofumi Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 41, Issue Part 1, No. 11B https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.41.6929	journal	November 2002
Arthur von Hippel: The Scientist and the Man von Hippel, Frank N. MRS Bulletin, Vol. 30, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs2005.271	journal	November 2005

Similar Records

Growth and self-assembly of BaTiO{sub 3} nanocubes for resistive switching memory cells

Journal Article · Sun Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2014 · Journal of Solid State Chemistry · OSTI ID:22334241

Structural Instability in Electrically Stressed, Oxygen Deficient BaTiO₃ Nanocrystals

Journal Article · Wed Sep 09 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Advanced Functional Materials · OSTI ID:1774264

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Barium titanate
dielectric breakdown
in-situ TEM
nanocube

In situ TEM measurement of electrical properties of individual BaTiO3 nanocubes

Citation Formats

References (27)

Similar Records

Related Subjects

In situ TEM measurement of electrical properties of individual BaTiO₃ nanocubes