Comprehensive Insights into Nucleation, Autocatalytic Growth, and Stripping Efficiency for Lithium Plating in Full Cells

Charalambous, Harry; Borkiewicz, Olaf J.; Colclasure, Andrew M.; Yang, Zhenzhen; Dunlop, Alison R.; Trask, Stephen E.; Jansen, Andrew N.; Bloom, Ira D.; Ruett, Uta; Wiaderek, Kamila M.; Ren, Yang

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.1c01640

Comprehensive Insights into Nucleation, Autocatalytic Growth, and Stripping Efficiency for Lithium Plating in Full Cells

Journal Article · Thu Sep 30 04:00:00 EDT 2021 · ACS Energy Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.1c01640· OSTI ID:1832211

^[1]; Borkiewicz, Olaf J. ^[1]; ^[2]; Yang, Zhenzhen ^[3]; Dunlop, Alison R. ^[3]; ^[3]; Jansen, Andrew N. ^[3]; ^[3]; Ruett, Uta ^[1]; ^[1]; Ren, Yang ^[1]

Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)

Synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction is used to enable nondestructive detection and quantification of heterogeneous lithium plating in working batteries. In this study a LiNi_0.5Mn_0.3Co_0.2O₂/graphite pouch cell was operated under 6C fast-charge rate for greater than 1200 cycles. The magnitude and spatial distribution of lithium plating, lithium stripping, and the effect of metallic lithium deposition on lithium intercalation into graphite were quantified. Fully intercalated graphite (LiC₆) was detected after discharge with a lateral distribution closely correlated with lithium plating, which can be used as a higher-sensitivity indicator for lithium plating. Over an extended cycle life, the overall metallic lithium concentration followed a sigmoidal curve indicating two-stage continuous nucleation and autocatalytic growth. The lithium stripping efficiency underwent an exponential decay as a function of cycle life as the buildup of metallic lithium hindered the efficient dissolution back into the electrolyte. The findings provide direct insights into the characteristics of lithium plating and stripping under realistic fast-charge conditions.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1832211

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA--5700-80377; MainId:42580; UUID:a8b63464-328c-4a5b-a5a8-a0b2f321b239; MainAdminID:63096

Journal Information:: ACS Energy Letters, Journal Name: ACS Energy Letters Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 6; ISSN 2380-8195

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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