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Revealing causes of macroscale heterogeneity in lithium ion pouch cells via synchrotron X-ray diffraction

Journal Article · · Journal of Power Sources
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  1. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)
  2. Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
  3. National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations
Heterogeneous battery performance is a critical issue for maximization of cell lifetime capacity and safety. Using high energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction, the influence of charge rate, voltage limit, uneven stack pressure, and gas generation on the lithium transport properties was quantified in single-layer graphite/LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 pouch cells. A freshly formatted cell tracked in operando during initial fast charge cycles indicated variable position-dependent performances, while lateral mapping showed a significant fast charge (6C) heterogeneity compared to slow charge (C/2). Pressure effects were non-dominant compared to charge rate. Maps of previously aged and rested cells indicate that lateral heterogeneity slowly equilibrates at rest, but regenerates upon further cycling at fast charge rate. Furthermore, an unformatted cell was mapped at charge and discharge during its first formation cycle to analyze the effect of byproduct gases on the heterogeneous lithium transport. Gas was observed as randomly interspersed “bubbles” which locally hindered lithium intercalation and caused significant heterogeneity. Electrode architectures and charging protocols that promote homogeneous intercalation are critical for predictable high-performance and long-life batteries.
Research Organization:
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-06CH11357; AC07-05ID14517; AC36-08GO28308
OSTI ID:
1812322
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1813290
OSTI ID: 1815123
OSTI ID: 1835291
Report Number(s):
INL/JOU--21-63347-Rev000; NREL/JA--5700-79879; MainId:39097; UUID:84e15974-0560-4117-aa43-16080969725a; MainAdminID:25774
Journal Information:
Journal of Power Sources, Journal Name: Journal of Power Sources Vol. 507; ISSN 0378-7753
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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