Joint CO2 Mole Fraction and Flux Analysis Confirms Missing Processes in CASA Terrestrial Carbon Uptake Over North America

Feng, Sha; Lauvaux, Thomas; Williams, Christopher A.; Davis, Kenneth J.; Zhou, Yu; Baker, Ian; Barkley, Zachary R.; Wesloh, Daniel

doi:10.1029/2020gb006914

Joint CO₂ Mole Fraction and Flux Analysis Confirms Missing Processes in CASA Terrestrial Carbon Uptake Over North America

Journal Article · Thu Jun 17 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Global Biogeochemical Cycles

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gb006914· OSTI ID:1820378

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[4]; ^[3]; Baker, Ian ^[5]; ^[4]; ^[4]

Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
Clark Univ., Worcester, MA (United States)
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States)

Terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) play a key role in the detection and attribution of carbon cycle processes at local to global scales and in projections of the coupled carbon-climate system. TBM evaluation commonly involves direct comparison to eddy-covariance flux measurements. This study uses atmospheric CO₂ mole fraction ([CO₂]) measured in situ from aircraft and tower, in addition to flux-measurements from summer 2016 to evaluate the CASA TBM. WRF-Chem is used to simulate [CO₂] using biogenic CO₂ fluxes from a CASA parameter-based ensemble and CarbonTracker version 2017 (CT2017) in addition to transport and CO₂ boundary condition ensembles. The resulting “super ensemble” of modeled [CO₂] demonstrates that the biosphere introduces the majority of uncertainty to the simulations. Both aircraft and tower [CO₂] data show that the CASA ensemble net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO₂ is biased high (NEE too positive) and identify the maximum light use efficiency E_max a key parameter that drives the spread of the CASA ensemble in summer 2016. These findings are verified with flux-measurements. The direct comparison of the CASA flux ensemble with flux-measurements confirms missing sink processes in CASA. Separating the daytime and nighttime flux, we discover that the underestimated net uptake results from missing sink processes that result in overestimation of respiration. NEE biases are smaller in the CT2017 posterior biogenic fluxes, which assimilates observed [CO₂]. Flux tower analyses, however, reveal an unrealistic overestimation of nighttime respiration in CT2017 due to the limitation of inversion strategy.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1820378

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--161334

Journal Information:: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Journal Name: Global Biogeochemical Cycles Journal Issue: 7 Vol. 35; ISSN 0886-6236

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union (AGU)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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