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Title: Investigation of the background in coherent J/ψ production at the EIC

Abstract

Understanding various fundamental properties of nucleons and nuclei is among the most important scientific goals at the upcoming Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). With the unprecedented opportunity provided by the next-generation machine, the EIC might provide definitive answers to many standing puzzles and open questions in modern nuclear physics. We investigate one of the golden measurements proposed at the EIC, which is to obtain the spatial gluon density distribution within a lead (Pb) nucleus. The proposed experimental process is the exclusive J/ψ vector-meson production off the Pb nucleus: e + Pb → e' + J/ψ + Pb'. The Fourier transformation of the momentum transfer |t| distribution of the coherent diffraction is the transverse gluon spatial distribution. In order to measure it, the experiment has to overcome an overwhelmingly large background arising from the incoherent diffractive production, where the nucleus Pb' mostly breaks up into fragments of particles in the far-forward direction close to the hadron-going beam rapidity. We systematically study the rejection of incoherent J/ψ production by vetoing products from these nuclear breakups—protons, neutrons, and photons—which is based on the BeAGLE event generator and the most up-to-date EIC Far-forward Interaction Region design. The achieved vetoing efficiency, the ratio between the numbers ofmore » vetoed events and total incoherent events, ranges from about 80% to 99% depending on |t|. Assuming a 5% smearing applied to the reconstructed |t| resolution in the Sar t re model, this vetoing efficiency can suppress the incoherent background to at least the first minimum of the coherent |t| distribution. Experimental and accelerator machine challenges as well as potential improvements are discussed herein.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [3];  [2];  [2]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [6]
  1. Central China Normal University, Wuhan (China); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
  2. Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
  3. Mark D. Baker Physics and Detector Simulations LLC, Miller Place, NY (United States)
  4. Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Center for Frontiers in Nuclear Science, Stony Brook, NY (United States)
  5. Central China Normal University, Wuhan (China)
  6. China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) (CUG), (China)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)
OSTI Identifier:
1813340
Report Number(s):
BNL-221991-2021-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010; TRN: US2213324
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0012704
Resource Type:
Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physical Review D
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 104; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; Electron-ion collisions; QCD in nuclear reactions

Citation Formats

Chang, Wan, Aschenauer, Elke-Caroline, Baker, Mark D., Jentsch, Alexander, Lee, Jeong-Hun, Tu, Zhoudunming, Yin, Zhongbao, and Zheng, Liang. Investigation of the background in coherent J/ψ production at the EIC. United States: N. p., 2021. Web. doi:10.1103/physrevd.104.114030.
Chang, Wan, Aschenauer, Elke-Caroline, Baker, Mark D., Jentsch, Alexander, Lee, Jeong-Hun, Tu, Zhoudunming, Yin, Zhongbao, & Zheng, Liang. Investigation of the background in coherent J/ψ production at the EIC. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.104.114030
Chang, Wan, Aschenauer, Elke-Caroline, Baker, Mark D., Jentsch, Alexander, Lee, Jeong-Hun, Tu, Zhoudunming, Yin, Zhongbao, and Zheng, Liang. 2021. "Investigation of the background in coherent J/ψ production at the EIC". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.104.114030. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1813340.
@article{osti_1813340,
title = {Investigation of the background in coherent J/ψ production at the EIC},
author = {Chang, Wan and Aschenauer, Elke-Caroline and Baker, Mark D. and Jentsch, Alexander and Lee, Jeong-Hun and Tu, Zhoudunming and Yin, Zhongbao and Zheng, Liang},
abstractNote = {Understanding various fundamental properties of nucleons and nuclei is among the most important scientific goals at the upcoming Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). With the unprecedented opportunity provided by the next-generation machine, the EIC might provide definitive answers to many standing puzzles and open questions in modern nuclear physics. We investigate one of the golden measurements proposed at the EIC, which is to obtain the spatial gluon density distribution within a lead (Pb) nucleus. The proposed experimental process is the exclusive J/ψ vector-meson production off the Pb nucleus: e + Pb → e' + J/ψ + Pb'. The Fourier transformation of the momentum transfer |t| distribution of the coherent diffraction is the transverse gluon spatial distribution. In order to measure it, the experiment has to overcome an overwhelmingly large background arising from the incoherent diffractive production, where the nucleus Pb' mostly breaks up into fragments of particles in the far-forward direction close to the hadron-going beam rapidity. We systematically study the rejection of incoherent J/ψ production by vetoing products from these nuclear breakups—protons, neutrons, and photons—which is based on the BeAGLE event generator and the most up-to-date EIC Far-forward Interaction Region design. The achieved vetoing efficiency, the ratio between the numbers of vetoed events and total incoherent events, ranges from about 80% to 99% depending on |t|. Assuming a 5% smearing applied to the reconstructed |t| resolution in the Sar t re model, this vetoing efficiency can suppress the incoherent background to at least the first minimum of the coherent |t| distribution. Experimental and accelerator machine challenges as well as potential improvements are discussed herein.},
doi = {10.1103/physrevd.104.114030},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1813340}, journal = {Physical Review D},
issn = {2470-0010},
number = 11,
volume = 104,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Dec 27 00:00:00 EST 2021},
month = {Mon Dec 27 00:00:00 EST 2021}
}

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Coherent <mml:math altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">J</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">/</mml:mo><mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi></mml:math> photoproduction in ultra-peripheral Pb–Pb collisions at <mml:math altimg="si2.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd"><mml:msqrt><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">NN</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.76</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext>TeV</mml:mtext></mml:math>
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