On the irreversible sodiation of tin disulfide

Wang, Xiuzhen; Yao, Z.; Hwang, Sooyeon; Zhang, L.; Fu, M.; Li, S.; Mai, L.; Xu, Q.; Su, D.

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105458

On the irreversible sodiation of tin disulfide

Journal Article · Tue Oct 06 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Nano Energy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105458· OSTI ID:1773110

Wang, Xiuzhen ^[1]; Yao, Z. ^[2]; ^[3]; Zhang, L. ^[4]; Fu, M. ^[5]; Li, S. ^[3]; Mai, L. ^[4]; Xu, Q. ^[6]; Su, D. ^[7]

Jiangsu Univ. of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang (China); Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China). National Lab. for Condensed Matter Physics, Inst. of Physics; Southeast Univ., Nanjing (China)
Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States); Univ. of Toronto, ON (Canada)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN)
Wuhan Univ. of Technology (China). State Key Lab. of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
Northwestern Polytechnical Univ., Xi'an (China). State Key Lab. of Solidification Processing
Southeast Univ., Nanjing (China)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China). National Lab. for Condensed Matter Physics, Inst. of Physics

Tin disulfide is considered as a promising electrode material for sodium-ion batteries because of its two-dimensional layered structural characteristics allowing the intercalation of Na ions. Understanding the underlying reaction mechanisms and the decisive step of the reaction reversibility is critical for its applications. Herein, we investigate the sodiation and desodiation processes of SnS₂ by employing in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After the initial intercalation reaction, a rock-salt Na_ySnS₂ phase with disordering Na and Sn cations is observed, followed with a conversion reaction and an alloying reaction. Additionally, the disordering reaction occurs along <1-10> direction of pristine SnS₂ phase which is correlated with local bonding rearrangements induced by the exchange of Sn and Na cations. In-situ TEM studies and first-principles calculations indicate that the original 2D SnS₂ structure could not be recovered during desodiation. Instead, the disordered Na_ySnS₂ phase is finally formed, which indicates that the irreversible disordering transition is the determining step of irreversible cycling. This work probes the structural evolution of sodiation, providing a fundamental understanding of the electrochemical properties of metal sulfides and inspiring rational designs of high performance electrodes for sodium-ion batteries.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Key R&D Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC); Strategic Priority Research Program; USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; SC0019300

OSTI ID:: 1773110

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1811148

Report Number(s):: BNL-221216-2021--JAAM

Journal Information:: Nano Energy, Journal Name: Nano Energy Vol. 79; ISSN 2211-2855

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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In situ transmission electron microscopy
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On the irreversible sodiation of tin disulfide

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