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Title: In Situ, Atomic‐Resolution Observation of Lithiation and Sodiation of WS 2 Nanoflakes: Implications for Lithium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Journal Article · · Small
ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [5];  [5];  [8];  [7];  [1]; ORCiD logo [9]
  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA, NUANCE Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
  2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA, NUANCE Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA, Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
  3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA, Department of Chemistry and Computer Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
  4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA, School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
  5. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
  6. NUANCE Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
  7. Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
  8. MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China
  9. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA, NUANCE Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Nanostructure Research Centre Wuhan University of Technology 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan Hubei 430070 China
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Abstract WS 2 nanoflakes have great potential as electrode materials of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) because of their unique 2D structure, which facilitates the reversible intercalation and extraction of alkali metal ions. However, a fundamental understanding of the electrochemical lithiation/sodiation dynamics of WS 2 nanoflakes especially at the nanoscale level, remains elusive. Here, by combining battery electrochemical measurements, density functional theory calculations, and in situ transmission electron microscopy, the electrochemical‐reaction kinetics and mechanism for both lithiation and sodiation of WS 2 nanoflakes are investigated at the atomic scale. It is found that compared to LIBs, SIBs exhibit a higher reversible sodium (Na) storage capacity and superior cyclability. For sodiation, the volume change due to ion intercalation is smaller than that in lithiation. Also, sodiated WS 2 maintains its layered structure after the intercalation process, and the reduced metal nanoparticles after conversion in sodiation are well‐dispersed and aligned forming a pattern similar to the layered structure. Overall, this work shows a direct interconnection between the reaction dynamics of lithiated/sodiated WS 2 nanoflakes and their electrochemical performance, which sheds light on the rational optimization and development of advanced WS 2 ‐based electrodes.

Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
OSTI ID:
1782891
Journal Information:
Small, Journal Name: Small Vol. 17 Journal Issue: 24; ISSN 1613-6810
Publisher:
Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
Germany
Language:
English

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