Modeling cell venting and gas-phase reactions in 18650 lithium ion batteries during thermal runaway

Kim, Jinyong; Mallarapu, Anudeep; Finegan, Donal P.; Santhanagopalan, Shriram

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229496

Modeling cell venting and gas-phase reactions in 18650 lithium ion batteries during thermal runaway

Journal Article · Fri Jan 22 23:00:00 EST 2021 · Journal of Power Sources

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229496· OSTI ID:1772455

^[1]; Mallarapu, Anudeep ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]

National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

A numerical model is developed to study cell venting, internal pressure, and gas-phase dynamics behavior of 18650 Li-ion cells undergoing thermal runaway. A k-e Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model is adopted to describe the turbulent flow out of the cells, while the fluid dynamics inside the cells is described by Darcy-Forchheimer's equation. Thermal abuse reactions and gas generation kinetics are described by a single-step lumped reaction model. Then, a series of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are conducted on a single 18650 cell at various states-of-charge (100%, 50%, 25%) to study detailed flow and thermal behavior as a function of quantity of gas generated during cell venting. Venting events are categorized into two stages: i) breaching of the cell container and ii) thermal runaway reactions. It is found that the cell response is dominated by the second stage since most of the gases are generated during thermal runaway. Also, the propensity for propagation is highly affected by state-of-charge (SOC). Cells at higher SOCs produce more heat and gas during the venting event, owing to higher mass and concentrations of reacting gases, and consequently reach higher internal cell pressures which increase the risk of side-wall breaching.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1772455

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1811053

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-- 5700-78814; MainId:32731; UUID:80233bae-cb47-426f-8ef3-0072ebd4f048; MainAdminID:20101

Journal Information:: Journal of Power Sources, Journal Name: Journal of Power Sources Vol. 489; ISSN 0378-7753

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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