Experimental quantification of vent mechanism flow parameters in 18650 format lithium ion batteries

Mier, Frank Austin; Hargather, Michael J.; Ferreira, Summer R.

doi:10.1115/1.4042962

Experimental quantification of vent mechanism flow parameters in 18650 format lithium ion batteries

Journal Article · Tue Feb 19 00:00:00 EST 2019 · Journal of Fluids Engineering

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4042962· OSTI ID:1498760

Mier, Frank Austin ^[1]; Hargather, Michael J. ^[1]; Ferreira, Summer R. ^[2]

New Mexico Inst. of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM (United States)
Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Lithium ion batteries have a well documented tendency to fail energetically under various abuse conditions. These conditions frequently result in decomposition of the electrochemical components within the battery resulting in gas generation and increased internal pressure which can lead to an explosive case rupture. The 18650 format cell incorporates a vent mechanism located within a crimped cap to relieve pressure and mitigate the risk of case rupture. Cell venting, however, introduces additional safety concerns associated with the flow of flammable gases and liquid electrolyte into the environment. Experiments to quantify key parameters are performed to elucidate the external dynamics of battery venting. A first experiment measures the vent burst pressure. Burst vent caps are then tested with a second experimental fixture to measure vent opening area and discharge coefficient during choked-flow venting, which occurs during battery failure. Vent opening area and discharge coefficient are calculated from stagnation temperature, stagnation pressure, and static pressure measurements along with compressible-isentropic flow equations and conservation of mass. Commercially-sourced vent caps are used with repeated tests run to quantify repeatability and variability. Validation experiments confirmed accuracy of opening area and discharge coefficient measurement. Moreover, trials conducted on vent caps from two sources demonstrate the potential for variation between manufacturers.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC04-94AL85000

OSTI ID:: 1498760

Report Number(s):: SAND--2018-9403J; 667391

Journal Information:: Journal of Fluids Engineering, Journal Name: Journal of Fluids Engineering; ISSN 0098-2202

Publisher:: ASMECopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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