Bidirectional interconversion of microwave and light with thin-film lithium niobate

Xu, Yuntao; Sayem, Ayed Al; Fan, Linran; Zou, Chang-Ling; Wang, Sihao; Cheng, Risheng; Fu, Wei; Yang, Likai; Xu, Mingrui; Tang, Hong X.

doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24809-y

Bidirectional interconversion of microwave and light with thin-film lithium niobate

Journal Article · Thu Jul 22 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Nature Communications

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24809-y· OSTI ID:1809109

Xu, Yuntao; Sayem, Ayed Al; ; Zou, Chang-Ling; Wang, Sihao; ; Fu, Wei; Yang, Likai; Xu, Mingrui;

Abstract

Superconducting cavity electro-optics presents a promising route to coherently convert microwave and optical photons and distribute quantum entanglement between superconducting circuits over long-distance. Strong Pockels nonlinearity and high-performance optical cavity are the prerequisites for high conversion efficiency. Thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) offers these desired characteristics. Despite significant recent progresses, only unidirectional conversion with efficiencies on the order of 10 ⁻⁵ has been realized. In this article, we demonstrate the bidirectional electro-optic conversion in TFLN-superconductor hybrid system, with conversion efficiency improved by more than three orders of magnitude. Our air-clad device architecture boosts the sustainable intracavity pump power at cryogenic temperatures by suppressing the prominent photorefractive effect that limits cryogenic performance of TFLN, and reaches an efficiency of 1.02% (internal efficiency of 15.2%). This work firmly establishes the TFLN-superconductor hybrid EO system as a highly competitive transduction platform for future quantum network applications.

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Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); US Army Research Office (ARO); USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0019406

OSTI ID:: 1809109

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1816524

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Journal Name: Nature Communications Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 12; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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