A High‐Performance Na–Al Battery Based on Reversible NaAlCl 4 Catholyte

Zhan, Xiaowen; Bonnett, Jeffrey F.; Engelhard, Mark H.; Reed, David M.; Sprenkle, Vincent L.; Li, Guosheng

doi:10.1002/aenm.202001378

A High‐Performance Na–Al Battery Based on Reversible NaAlCl ₄ Catholyte

Journal Article · Wed Sep 02 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Advanced Energy Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202001378· OSTI ID:1804536

Zhan, Xiaowen ^[1]; Bonnett, Jeffrey F. ^[1]; Engelhard, Mark H. ^[2]; Reed, David M. ^[1]; Sprenkle, Vincent L. ^[1]; ^[1]

Battery Materials and Systems Group Energy and Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99354 USA
Physiochemical Transform Group Environmental Molecular Science Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99354 USA

Abstract

This work demonstrates a high‐capacity and safe Na–Al battery pairing a sodium metal anode and reversible NaAlCl ₄ catholyte for grid scale energy storage applications. The energy‐rich Na anode allows the full use of the aluminum cathode, resulting in a full‐cell capacity of 308 mAh g ⁻¹ at a discharge voltage of 1.6 V. Benefiting from the use of a β″‐alumina solid electrolyte, molten sodium anode, and reversible Al deposition/stripping from NaAlCl ₄ catholyte, the battery presents a stable Coulombic efficiency of 100% and energy efficiency of ≈95%. At a rate of C/3 (6.77 mA cm ⁻² ), the cell maintains 282 mAh g ⁻¹ (447 Wh kg ⁻¹ ) after 200 cycles with an excellent capacity retention of 97.6%. Moreover, pathways to build Na‐anode‐free cells from the discharged state under dry air are elucidated, which further extends the feasibility of this battery for stationary storage applications. These findings are expected to provide a new platform for the development of practical aluminum batteries.

View Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1804536

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1687384

Journal Information:: Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Energy Materials Journal Issue: 40 Vol. 10; ISSN 1614-6832

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

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