Ambient Temperature Sodium Polysulfide Catholyte for Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries

Self, Ethan C.; Tyler, Jameson L.; Nanda, Jagjit

doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ac1e57

Ambient Temperature Sodium Polysulfide Catholyte for Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries

Journal Article · Mon Aug 30 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Journal of the Electrochemical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac1e57· OSTI ID:1823314

^[1]; Tyler, Jameson L. ^[2]; ^[3]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

This study reports a sodium polysulfide catholyte for nonaqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs). We demonstrate reversible capacities up to 200 mAh/gS with negligible fade over 250 cycles at room temperature for sodium polysulfide|biphenyl full cells containing Na⁺ß^''-Al₂O₃ solid electrolyte (BASE) membranes. Interestingly, formation of insoluble S and Na₂S₄ phases did not inhibit the catholyte's cycle life which is likely due to the low concentrations used in the lab-scale prototypes. 3-electrode galvanostatic AC impedance measurements demonstrate that voltage losses were dominated by charge transfer at the cathode, and relevant kinetic parameters (i.e., transfer coefficients and exchange current density) were calculated through a Tafel analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report applying such an impedance approach to nonaqueous RFBs. Overall, the use of low-cost active materials makes sodium polysulfide|biphenyl RFBs promising for long duration energy storage applications. Furthermore, if strategies are developed to increase the solubility of S and/or low order polysulfides (Na₂S_x, x ≤ 4), specific energies up to 100 Wh kg^-1 (including combined mass of the anolyte and catholyte) can be achieved.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1823314

Journal Information:: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Journal Name: Journal of the Electrochemical Society Journal Issue: 8 Vol. 168; ISSN 0013-4651

Publisher:: IOP Publishing - The Electrochemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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25 ENERGY STORAGE
catholyte
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
redox flow batteries
sodium polysulfide

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