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Multiple injection for improving knock, gaseous and particulate matter emissions in direct injection SI engines

Journal Article · · Applied Energy
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [2]
  1. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); OSTI
  2. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations
Advances in fuel injector technology have enabled research and development on a large variety of direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engine fueling strategies targeted to improve engine performance and reduce engine-out emissions. This study explores the effect of multiple injections on knock, engine efficiency and stability, and particulate number and gaseous emissions on a single-cylinder DISI research engine. Work to date on multiple injections in the literature is reviewed, and then two aspects of multiple injection strategies are experimentally investigated: the number of injections (up to five times in a cycle); and the timing of the injections (classified relative to the timing of intake valve opening and closing). A boosted, single-cylinder research engine equipped with a state-of-the-art piezoelectric hollow cone spray direct injector and research-grade E10 gasoline was used for the study. The results show multiple injections maintain torque and combustion stability compared with single injection and slightly increase the knock limits and indicated thermal efficiencies (maximum 0.7% absolute, 2.8% relative compared with single-injection baseline) due to improved heat release phasing, especially with an additional late injection during the intake valve closed (compression stroke) period. The gaseous pollutant emissions including nitrogen oxides and unburned hydrocarbons were reduced by 25% with multiple injections, particularly with injection during the compression stroke. In contrast, carbon monoxide emissions increased with multiple injections for all conditions. Increasing the number of injection events significantly reduced particulate number emissions (half with each additional injection), and the decrease in particulate number was not sensitive to the injection timing.
Research Organization:
Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office
Grant/Contract Number:
EE0006831
OSTI ID:
1799253
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 2325297
Journal Information:
Applied Energy, Journal Name: Applied Energy Vol. 262; ISSN 0306-2619
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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42 ENGINEERING
injection region
knock limit extension
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number of injections
particulate number
split injection