Mycorrhizal phenotypes and the L aw of the M inimum

Johnson, Nancy Collins; Wilson, Gail W. T.; Wilson, Jacqueline A.; Miller, R. Michael; Bowker, Matthew A.

doi:10.1111/nph.13172

Mycorrhizal phenotypes and the L aw of the M inimum

Journal Article · Fri Nov 21 00:00:00 EST 2014 · New Phytologist

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13172· OSTI ID:1787140

Johnson, Nancy Collins ^[1]; Wilson, Gail W. T. ^[2]; Wilson, Jacqueline A. ^[2]; Miller, R. Michael ^[3]; Bowker, Matthew A. ^[4]

School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA
Natural Resource Ecology &, Management Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK 74077 USA
Biosciences Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL 60439 USA
School of Forestry Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA

Summary

Mycorrhizal phenotypes arise from interactions among plant and fungal genotypes and the environment. Differences in the stoichiometry and uptake capacity of fungi and plants make arbuscular mycorrhizal ( AM ) fungi inherently more nitrogen (N) limited and less phosphorus (P) limited than their host plants. Mutualistic phenotypes are most likely in P‐limited systems and commensal or parasitic phenotypes in N‐limited systems. Carbon (C) limitation is expected to cause phenotypes to shift from mutualism to commensalism and even parasitism.

Two experiments compared the influence of fertilizer and shade on mycorrhizas in A ndropogon gerardii across three naturally N‐limited or P‐limited grasslands. A third experiment examined the interactive effects of N and P enrichment and shade on A . gerardii mycorrhizas.

Our experiments generated the full spectrum of mycorrhizal phenotypes. These findings support the hypothesis that mutualism is likely in P‐limited systems and commensalism or parasitism is likely in N‐limited systems. Furthermore, shade decreased C‐assimilation and generated less mutualistic mycorrhizal phenotypes with reduced plant and fungal biomass.

Soil fertility is a key controller of mycorrhizal costs and benefits and the L aw of the M inimum is a useful predictor of mycorrhizal phenotype. In our experimental grasslands arbuscular mycorrhizas can ameliorate P‐limitation but not N‐limitation.

View Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1787140

Journal Information:: New Phytologist, Journal Name: New Phytologist Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 205; ISSN 0028-646X

Publisher:: Wiley-BlackwellCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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