Crop‐associated virus infection in a native perennial grass: reduction in plant fitness and dynamic patterns of virus detection

Alexander, Helen M.; Bruns, Emily; Schebor, Hayley; Malmstrom, Carolyn M.; Power, ed., Alison

doi:10.1111/1365-2745.12723

Crop‐associated virus infection in a native perennial grass: reduction in plant fitness and dynamic patterns of virus detection

Journal Article · Mon Jan 16 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Journal of Ecology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12723· OSTI ID:1786925

Alexander, Helen M. ^[1]; Bruns, Emily ^[2]; Schebor, Hayley ^[3]; Malmstrom, Carolyn M. ^[4]; Power, ed., Alison

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA
Department of Biology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22903 USA
Advanced Biological Marketing 375 Bonnewitz Ave., PO Box 222 Van Wert OH 45891 USA, Department of Plant Biology, and Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
Department of Plant Biology, and Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA

Summary

To understand the eco‐evolutionary significance of plant viruses in nature, we must (i) quantify the effects of infection on plant fitness and (ii) recognize that native plants are increasingly exposed to crop‐associated viruses. Studies of perennials are particularly needed: most of our knowledge of plant‐virus interactions is from annuals, yet long‐lived species dominate landscapes. Here we used aster models for life‐history analysis and longitudinal measures of plant virus status to evaluate multi‐year consequences of crop virus infection in a native perennial.

We used Barley yellow dwarf virus acquired from wheat to inoculate seedlings of P anicum virgatum L. (switchgrass), a North American prairie grass. We grew inoculated and mock‐inoculated individuals of two ecotypes for 3 years in the field. We measured plant size, infection status and fitness components. Aster modelling provided integrated multi‐year measures of fitness.

Crop virus inoculation reduced multi‐year native plant fitness by 30% over 2 years despite generally asymptomatic infection and evidence of resistance. This reduction was greater than predicted from individual fitness components or most size measures. Ecotypes differed in response, with the lowland ecotype experiencing higher apparent recovery from infection. Virus treatment in the upland ecotype delayed flowering phenology and reduced seed filling.

Synthesis . Our use of field experimentation, surveys of plant infection status and aster modelling demonstrates a rigorous and broadly applicable approach for quantifying the effects of viruses and other microbes on multi‐year plant fitness. We found that a crop virus had negative multi‐year effects on native plant fitness even after infection was no longer detected. Viruses may have substantial effects on native vegetation with domestication of landscapes and agricultural expansion.

View Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 1786925

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1536712

Journal Information:: Journal of Ecology, Journal Name: Journal of Ecology Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 105; ISSN 0022-0477

Publisher:: Wiley-BlackwellCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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