Genomic adaptations of the green alga Dunaliella salina to life under high salinity

Polle, Jürgen E. W.; Calhoun, Sara; McKie-Krisberg, Zaid; Prochnik, Simon; Neofotis, Peter; Yim, Won C.; Hathwaik, Leyla T.; Jenkins, Jerry; Molina, Henrik; Bunkenborg, Jakob; Grigoriev, Igor V.; Barry, Kerrie; Schmutz, Jeremy; Jin, EonSeon; Cushman, John C.; Magnusson, Jon K.

doi:10.1016/j.algal.2020.101990

Genomic adaptations of the green alga Dunaliella salina to life under high salinity

Journal Article · Mon Jul 13 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Algal Research

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2020.101990· OSTI ID:1784285

Polle, Jürgen E. W. ^[1]; Calhoun, Sara ^[2]; McKie-Krisberg, Zaid ^[3]; Prochnik, Simon ^[4]; Neofotis, Peter ^[5]; Yim, Won C. ^[6]; Hathwaik, Leyla T. ^[6]; Jenkins, Jerry ^[7]; Molina, Henrik ^[8]; Bunkenborg, Jakob ^[9]; Grigoriev, Igor V. ^[10]; Barry, Kerrie ^[2]; Schmutz, Jeremy ^[7]; Jin, EonSeon ^[11]; Cushman, John C. ^[6]; Magnusson, Jon K. ^[12]

Brooklyn College, New York, NY (United States); City Univ. of New York (CUNY), NY (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Brooklyn College, New York, NY (United States); SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Berkeley, CA (United States); MBP Titan LLC, South San Francisco, CA (United States)
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)
Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Berkeley, CA (United States); HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL (United States)
Rockefeller Univ., New York, NY (United States)
Alphalyse A/S, Odense (Denmark)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Hanyang University, Seoul (Republic of Korea)
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Life in high salinity environments poses challenges to cells in a variety of ways: maintenance of ion homeostasis and nutrient acquisition, often while concomitantly enduring saturating irradiances. Dunaliella salina has an exceptional ability to thrive even in saturated brine solutions. This ability has made it a model organism for studying responses to abiotic stress factors. Here we describe the occurrence of unique gene families, expansion of gene families, or gene losses that might be linked to osmoadaptive strategies. We discovered multiple unique genes coding for several of the homologous superfamily of the Ser-Thr-rich glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol-anchored membrane family and of the glycolipid 2-alpha-mannosyltransferase family, suggesting that such components on the cell surface are essential to life in high salt. Gene expansion was found in families that participate in sensing of abiotic stress and signal transduction in plants. One example is the patched family of the Sonic Hedgehog receptor proteins, supporting a previous hypothesis that plasma membrane sterols are important for sensing changes in salinities in D. salina. We also investigated genome-based capabilities regarding glycerol metabolism and present an extensive map for core carbon metabolism. We postulate that a second broader glycerol cycle exists that also connects to photorespiration, thus extending the previously described glycerol cycle. Further genome-based analysis of isoprenoid and carotenoid metabolism revealed duplications of genes for 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) and phytoene synthase (PSY), with the second gene copy of each enzyme being clustered together. Moreover, we identified two genes predicted to code for a prokaryotic-type phytoene desaturase (CRTI), indicating that D. salina may have eukaryotic and prokaryotic elements comprising its carotenoid biosynthesis pathways. In brief, our genomic data provide the basis for further gene discoveries regarding sensing abiotic stress, the metabolism of this halophilic alga, and its potential in biotechnological applications.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); US Department of Transportation

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1784285

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1694291

Journal Information:: Algal Research, Journal Name: Algal Research Vol. 50; ISSN 2211-9264

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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