Mechanism of Additive-Assisted Room-Temperature Processing of Metal Halide Perovskite Thin Films

Abdelsamie, Maged; Li, Tianyang; Babbe, Finn; Xu, Junwei; Han, Qiwei; Blum, Volker; Sutter-Fella, Carolin M.; Mitzi, David B.; Toney, Michael F.

doi:10.1021/acsami.0c22630

Mechanism of Additive-Assisted Room-Temperature Processing of Metal Halide Perovskite Thin Films

Journal Article · Mon Mar 08 23:00:00 EST 2021 · ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c22630· OSTI ID:1777974

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; Xu, Junwei ^[4]; Han, Qiwei ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[2]; ^[5]

SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)

Perovskite solar cells have received substantial attention due to their potential for low-cost photovoltaic devices on flexible or rigid substrates. Thiocyanate (SCN)-containing additives, such as MASCN (MA = methylammonium), have been shown to control perovskite film crystallization and the film microstructure to achieve effective room-temperature perovskite absorber processing. Nevertheless, the crystallization pathways and mechanisms of perovskite formation involved in MASCN additive processing are far from clear. Using in situ X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence, we investigate the crystallization pathways of MAPbI₃ and reveal the mechanisms of additive-assisted perovskite formation during spin coating and subsequent N₂ drying. In this work, we confirm that MASCN induces large precursor aggregates in solution and, during spin coating, promotes the formation of the perovskite phase with lower nucleation density and overall larger initial nuclei size, which forms upon reaching supersaturation in solution, in addition to intermediate solvent-complex phases. Finally, during the subsequent N₂ drying, MASCN facilitates the dissociation of these precursor aggregates and the solvate phases, leading to further growth of the perovskite crystals. Our results show that the nature of the intermediate phases and their formation/dissociation kinetics determine the nucleation and growth of the perovskite phase, which subsequently impact the film microstructure. These findings provide mechanistic insights underlying room-temperature, additive-assisted perovskite processing and help guide further development of such facile room-temperature synthesis routes.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC02-76SF00515; SC0004993

OSTI ID:: 1777974

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1782080

Journal Information:: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, Journal Name: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 13; ISSN 1944-8244

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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in situ photoluminescence
precursor aggregates
room-temperature processing

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